विकिपीडिया

स्वप्रतिरक्षित रोग

वे रोग स्वप्रतिरक्षित रोग (Autoimmune diseases) कहलाते हैं जिनके होने पर किसी जीव की प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली अपने ही ऊतकों या शरीर में उपस्थित अन्य पदार्थों को रोगजनक (pathogen) समझने की गलती कर बैठती है और उन्हें समाप्त करने के लिये उन पर हमला कर देती है। इस प्रकार का रोग शरीर के किसी एक अंग में सीमित हो सकता है (जैसे स्वप्रतिरक्षित थॉयराय शोथ (autoimmune thyroiditis) या शरीर के विभिन्न स्थानों पर एक विशेष प्रकार के ऊतक को प्रभावित कर सकता है।

स्वप्रतिरक्षित रोग
वर्गीकरण एवं बाह्य साधन
आईसीडी-१० D84.9, M35.9
आईसीडी-९ 279.4
ओएमआईएम 109100
डिज़ीज़-डीबी 28805
मेडलाइन प्लस 000816
एम.ईएसएच D001327

स्वप्रतिरक्षित रोगों की चिकित्सा में प्रायः दवाओं का उपयोग करके प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली की सक्रियता को कम किया जाता है जिसे प्रतिरक्षादमन (immunosuppression) कहते हैं।

मानदण्ड (क्राइटेरिया) संपादित करें

वर्गीकरण संपादित करें

नाम Accepted/
suspected 		Hypersensitivity

I, II, III, IV

आटोएन्टीबॉडी टिप्पणी
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) Accepted[1]
Addison's disease interferon omega; transglutaminase; aromatic acid carboxylase; GAD; HAI; 17 hydroxylase; 21 hydroxylase
Agammaglobulinemia IGHM; IGLL1: CD79A; CD79B; BLNK; LRRC8A
Alopecia areata Accepted[2][3] T-cells
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Ankylosing Spondylitis Accepted[4][5][6] ANCA? CD8; HLA-B27
Antiphospholipid syndrome Accepted[1] anti-cardiolipin;anti pyruvate dehydrogenase; β2 glycoprotein I; phosphatidylserine; anti apoH; Annexin A5 HLA-DR7, HLA-B8, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3
Antisynthetase syndrome
Atopic allergy I
Atopic dermatitis I
Autoimmune aplastic anemia
Autoimmune cardiomyopathy Accepted
Autoimmune enteropathy
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Accepted II complement activation
Autoimmune hepatitis Accepted cell-mediated anti-mitochondrial antibodies; ANA; anti-smooth muscle antibodies, LKM-1; soluble liver antigen
Autoimmune inner ear disease Accepted [7]
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome Accepted TNFRSF6; defective Fas-CD95 apoptosis
Autoimmune peripheral neuropathy Accepted
Autoimmune pancreatitis Accepted ANA; anti-lactoferrin antibodiesanti-carbonic anhydrase antibodies; rheumatoid factor
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome Accepted Unknown or multiple APS-1 see Addison's disease
Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis Accepted
Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura Accepted anti gpIIb-IIIa or 1b-IX
Autoimmune urticaria Accepted [8]
Autoimmune uveitis Accepted HLAB-27?
Balo disease/Balo concentric sclerosis
Behçet's disease immune-mediated systemic vasculitis; linkage to HLA-B51 (HLA-B27); very different manifestations with ulcers as common symptom; also called Morbus Adamandiades-Behçet
Berger's disease IgA (elevated in 50% of patients), IgA (in mesangial deposits on kidney biopsy)
Bickerstaff's encephalitis Anti-GQ1b 2/3 patients similar to Guillain-Barré syndrome
Blau syndrome overlaps both sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare
Bullous pemphigoid IgG autoantibodies targeting the type XVII collagen component of hemidesmosomes [9]
Cancer
Castleman's disease Over expression of IL-6
सीलिएक रोग Accepted[10][11][12] IV?? Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies HLA-DQ8 and DQ2.5
Chagas disease Suspected[13]
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Anti-ganglioside antibodies:anti-GM1, anti-GD1a, anti-GQ1b similar to Guillain-Barré syndrome
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis LPIN2, D18S60,similar to Majeed syndrome
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Suspected[14][15]
Churg-Strauss syndrome p-ANCA
Cicatricial pemphigoid anti-BP-1, anti BP-2 precipitates C3
Cogan syndrome
Cold agglutinin disease Accepted II IgM idiopathic or secondary to leukemia or infection
Complement component 2 deficiency
Contact dermatitis III
Cranial arteritis aka Temporal arteritis; involves giant cells
CREST syndrome Anti-centromere antibodies Anti-nuclear antibodies
Crohn's disease (one of two types of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease "IBD") Accepted[1] IV Innate immunity; Th17; Th1; ATG16L1; CARD15;XBP1;
Cushing's Syndrome cortisol binding globulin?
Cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis neutrophils
Dego's disease Vasculopathy
Dercum's disease Suspected Lipoid tissue.[16]
Dermatitis herpetiformis IgA; anti-epidermal transglutaminase antibodies
Dermatomyositis Accepted[17] histidine-tRNA anti-signal recognition peptide Anti-Mi-2 Anti-Jo1.[18] B- and T-cell perivascular inflammatory infiltrate on muscle biopsy
टाइप 1 डायबिटीज मेलेटस Accepted[1] IV Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), islet cell antibodies (ICA), and insulinoma-associated autoantibodies (IA-2), anti-insulin antibodies
Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-centromere and anti-scl70/anti-topoisomerase antibodies[19] COL1A2 and TGF-β1
Dressler's syndrome myocardial neo-antigens formed as a result of the MI
Drug-induced lupus anti-histone
Discoid lupus erythematosus III IL-2 and IFN-gamma>[20]
Eczema LEKTI, SPINK5,[21] filaggrin.,[22] Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Substance P.[23]
Endometriosis Suspected[24]
Enthesitis-related arthritis[25] . MMP3[26] TRLR2, TLR4,[27] ERAP1[28]
Eosinophilic fasciitis Accepted
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis IgE IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF, eotaxin
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita COL7A1
Erythema nodosum
Erythroblastosis fetalis II ABO, Rh, Kell antibodies mother's immune system attacks fetus
Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
Evan's syndrome
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva ACVR1 Lymphocytes express increased BMP4
Fibrosing alveolitis (or Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) SFTPA1, SFTPA2, TERT, and TERC.[29]
Gastritis serum antiparietal and anti-IF antibodies
Gastrointestinal pemphigoid Accepted
Giant cell arteritis macrophage giant cells
Glomerulonephritis Sometimes IgA see Buerger's disease for IgA; Membranous glomerulonephritis for IgG; Membranoproliferative/mesangiocapillary GN (Complement activation); Goodpasture's syndrome; Wegener's granulomatosis
Goodpasture's syndrome Accepted[1] II Anti-Basement Membrane Collagen Type IV Protein
Graves' disease Accepted[1] II thyroid autoantibodies (TSHR-Ab) that activate the TSH-receptor (TSHR)
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) Accepted[1] IV Anti-ganglioside
Hashimoto's encephalopathy Accepted[1] IV alpha-enolase[30]
Hashimoto's thyroiditis Accepted[1] IV antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin HLADR5, CTLA-4
Henoch-Schonlein purpura immunoglobulin A (IgA) and complement component 3 (C3)
Herpes gestationis aka Gestational Pemphigoid IgG and C3 misdirected antibodies intended to protect the placenta
Hidradenitis suppurativa Suspected[31]
Hughes-Stovin syndrome
Hypogammaglobulinemia IGHM, IGLL1, CD79A, BLNK, LRRC8A, CD79B
Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases a variant of multiple sclerosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis SFTPA1, SFTPA2, TERT, and TERC.[29]
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (See Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura) Accepted[1] II glycoproteins IIb-IIIa or Ib-IX, immunoglobulin G
IgA nephropathy III? IgA produced from marrow rather than MALT
Inclusion body myositis similar to polymyositis but does not respond to steroid therapy-activated T8 cells
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy anti-ganglioside antibodies similar to Guillain–Barré syndrome
Interstitial cystitis Suspected[32] Mast cells
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis aka Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis inconsistent ANA Rheumatoid factor
Kawasaki's disease Suspected ITPKC HLA-B51
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome voltage-gated calcium channels; Q-type calcium channel, synaptogagmin, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 HLA-DR3-B8
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Lichen planus
Lichen sclerosus
Linear IgA disease (LAD)
Lou Gehrig's disease (Also Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) VCP, ATXN2, OPTN, FIG4, TARDBP, ANG, VAPB, FUS, SETX, ALS2, SOD1
Lupoid hepatitis aka Autoimmune hepatitis ANA and SMA,[33] LKM-1, LKM-2 or LKM-3; antibodies against soluble liver antigen[34][35](anti-SLA, anti-LP) no autoantibodies detected (~20%)[उद्धरण चाहिए] ||
Lupus erythematosus Accepted[1] III Anti-nuclear antibodies[36] anti-Ro.[37] Also, they are often present in Sjögren's syndrome.[38][39]
Majeed syndrome LPIN2
Ménière's disease III? major peripheral myelin protein P0[40]
Microscopic polyangiitis p-ANCA myeloperoxidase binds to neutrophils causing them to degranulate and damages endothelium
Miller-Fisher syndrome see Guillain-Barre Syndrome Accepted anti-GQ1b
Mixed connective tissue disease Accepted[1] anti-nuclear antibody anti-U1-RNP HLA-DR4
Morphea Suspected[41]
Mucha-Habermann disease aka Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta T-cells
Multiple sclerosis Suspected IV PECAM-1[42] Anti-Myelin Basic Protein
Myasthenia gravis Accepted[1] II nicotinic acetylcholine receptor MuSK protein HA-B8 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR1
Myositis see Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis see Inclusion-body-myositis
Narcolepsy[43][44] Suspected[45] II? hypocretin or orexin[46] HLA-DQB1*0602[47]
Neuromyelitis optica (also Devic's disease) II? NMO-IgG aquaporin 4.[48][49]
Neuromyotonia Suspected[50] II? voltage-gated potassium channels.[50]
Occular cicatricial pemphigoid II? BP-1, BP-2 C3 deposition
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome Suspected IV? Lymphocyte recruitment to CSF[51]
Ord's thyroiditis
Palindromic rheumatism anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and antikeratin antibodies (AKA)[52]
PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus) Suspected II? antibodies against streptococcal infection serve as auto-antibodies
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration IV?[53] II? anti-Yo[54] (anti-cdr-2[55] in purkinje fibers) anti-Hu, anti-Tr, antiglutamate receptor
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) Sometimes(?) complement attacks RBCs
Parry Romberg syndrome ANA
Parsonage-Turner syndrome
Pars planitis
Pemphigus vulgaris Accepted[1] II Anti-Desmoglein 3
Pernicious anaemia Accepted[56] II anti-parietal cell antibody
Perivenous encephalomyelitis
POEMS syndrome interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and TNFα. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), given the .[57]
Polyarteritis nodosa
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Polymyositis Accepted[17] IFN-gamma, IL-1, TNF-alpha
Primary biliary cirrhosis Accepted[58] Anti-p62, Anti-sp100, Anti-Mitochondrial(M2)Anti-Ro aka SSA.[37] Also, they are often present in Sjögren's syndrome.[38][39]
Primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap with primary biliary cirrhosis?
Progressive inflammatory neuropathy Suspected
Psoriasis Accepted[59] IV? CD-8 T-cells, HLA-Cw6, IL-12b, IL-23b, TNFalpha, NF-κB
Psoriatic arthritis Accepted[60] IV? HLA=B27
Pyoderma gangrenosum Can occur in conjunction with other immune-related disorders
Pure red cell aplasia
Rasmussen's encephalitis anti-NR2A antibodies
Raynaud phenomenon Suspected Can occur in conjunction with other immune-related disorders
Relapsing polychondritis Accepted[61]
Reiter's syndrome
Restless leg syndrome Suspected May occur in Sjögren's syndrome, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis or in derangements of iron metabolism
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Rheumatoid arthritis Accepted[1] III Rheumatoid factor (anti-IgGFc), Anti-MCV, ACPAs(Vimentin HLA-DR4, PTPN22, depleted B cells, TNF alpha, IL-17, (also maybe IL-1, 6, and 15)
Rheumatic fever II streptococcal M protein cross reacts with human myosin,[62] anti-DNase B, ASO
Sarcoidosis Suspected IV[63][64] BTNL2; HLA-B7-DR15; HLA DR3-DQ2.[65]
Schizophrenia Suspected[66][67][68]
Schmidt syndrome another form of APS anti-21 hydroxylase, anti-17 hydroxylase[69] DQ2, DQ8 and DRB1*0404
Schnitzler syndrome IgM?
Scleritis
Scleroderma Suspected[41] IV? Scl-70 Anti-topoisomerase dysregulated apoptosis?
Serum Sickness III
Sjögren's syndrome Accepted[1] Anti-ro.[37] Also, they are often present in Sjögren's syndrome.[38][39]
Spondyloarthropathy HLA-B27
Still's disease see Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis ANA macrophage migration inhibitory factor[70]
Stiff person syndrome Suspected glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD),[71] GLRA1 (glycine receptor
Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) III[72] essential mixed cryoglobulinemia
Susac's syndrome
Sweet's syndrome GCSF
Sydenham chorea see PANDAS
Sympathetic ophthalmia ocular antigens following trauma
Systemic lupus erythematosis see Lupus erythematosis III
Takayasu's arteritis
Temporal arteritis (also known as "giant cell arteritis") Accepted[1] IV
Thrombocytopenia II glycoproteins IIb-IIIa or Ib-IX in ITP anti-ADAMTS13 in TTP.[73] and HUS anti-cardiolipin (anti-cardiolipin antibodies) and β2 glycoprotein I in Antiphospholipid syndrome anti-HPA-1a, anti-HPA-5b, and others[74] in NAIT multiple mechanisms
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
Transverse myelitis Accepted Transverse Myelitis is a rare neurological disorder that is part of a spectrum of neuroimmunologic diseases of the central nervous system. https://web.archive.org/web/20120623100725/http://www.myelitis.org/
Ulcerative colitis (one of two types of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease "IBD") Accepted[1] IV
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease different from Mixed connective tissue disease Accepted anti-nuclear antibody HLA-DR4
Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy
Urticarial vasculitis II? anti C1q antibodies[75] clinically may resemble type I hypersensitivity!
Vasculitis Accepted[9] III sometimes ANCA
Vitiligo Suspected[76][77] NALP-1 RERE, PTPN22, LPP, IL2RA, GZMB, UBASH3A and C1QTNF6
Wegener's granulomatosis Accepted[78] Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic(cANCA)

चिकित्सा-विकास संपादित करें

इन्हें भी देखें संपादित करें

अन्य पठनीय सामग्री संपादित करें

सन्दर्भ संपादित करें

  1. ↑ अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज MeSH Autoimmune+Diseases
  2. ↑ American Academy of Dermatology, http://www.aad.org/public/publications/pamphlets/common_alopecia.html Archived 2010-07-06 at the वेबैक मशीन
  3. ↑ htmlThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, http://www.mdanderson.org/patient-and-cancer-information/cancer-information/cancer-types/alopecia-areata/index.html Archived 2011-11-05 at the वेबैक मशीन
  4. ↑ HLA-B27 and Ankylosing Spondylitis, http://www.hlab27.com Archived 2019-08-29 at the वेबैक मशीन
  5. ↑ Inflammatory Diseases of Immune Dysregulation, http://www.idid.us Archived 2018-03-08 at the वेबैक मशीन
  6. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  7. ↑ "Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease, Baylor College of Medicine". 1993. मूल से 17 मई 2008 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 1 जुलाई 2012.
  8. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  9. ↑ अ आ "Autoimmune Disorders: Immune Disorders: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook". मूल से 12 जुलाई 2012 को पुरालेखित.
  10. ↑ "Celiac Disease". मूल से 20 जुलाई 2009 को पुरालेखित.
  11. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  12. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  13. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  14. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  15. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  16. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  17. ↑ अ आ "Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook". मूल से 4 जुलाई 2012 को पुरालेखित.
  18. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  19. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  20. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  21. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  22. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  23. ↑ "'Blood chemicals link' to eczema -- Scientists have identified two blood chemicals linked to itchy eczema, offering new treatment possibilities". बीबीसी न्यूज़. 26 अगस्त 2007. मूल से 9 दिसंबर 2017 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 16 अक्टूबर 2007.
  24. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  25. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  26. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  27. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  28. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  29. ↑ अ आ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 178500
  30. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  31. ↑ "Clinical Trial: Etanercept in Hidradenitis Suppurativa". मूल से 12 अक्तूबर 2007 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 8 जुलाई 2007.
  32. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  33. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  34. ↑ "autoimmune hepatitis". मूल से 1 जुलाई 2012 को पुरालेखित.
  35. ↑ "Medscape & eMedicine Log In". मूल से 3 अप्रैल 2012 को पुरालेखित.
  36. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  37. ↑ अ आ इ PMID 15804706 (PubMed)
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  38. ↑ अ आ इ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  39. ↑ अ आ इ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  40. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  41. ↑ अ आ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  42. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  43. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  44. ↑ "Narcolepsy is an autoimmune disorder, Stanford researcher says". EurekAlert. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 3 मई 2009. मूल से 10 मई 2009 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 31 मई 2009.
  45. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  46. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  47. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  48. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  49. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  50. ↑ अ आ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  51. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  52. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  53. ↑ Darnell,R.B. (1996), "Onconeural antigens and the paraneoplastic neurologic disorders: at the intersection of cancer, immunity, and the brain", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93 (10): 4529–4536, PMID 8643438, पी॰एम॰सी॰ 39311
  54. ↑ Peterson,K., Rosenblum, J.K., Kotanides,H., Posner,J.B. (1992), "Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. I. A clinical analysis of 55 anti-Yo antibody-positive patients", Neurology, 42 (10): 1931–1937, PMID 1407575सीएस1 रखरखाव: एक से अधिक नाम: authors list (link)
  55. ↑ Albert,M.L., Austin,L.M., Darnell,R.B. (2000), "Detection and treatment of activated T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration", Ann Neurol, 47 (1): 9–17, PMID 10632096सीएस1 रखरखाव: एक से अधिक नाम: authors list (link)
  56. ↑ "MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pernicious anemia". मूल से 9 मई 2008 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 5 अप्रैल 2008.
  57. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  58. ↑ National Psoriasis Foundation, http://www.psoriasis.org/home/learn01.php Archived 2016-10-19 at the वेबैक मशीन
  59. ↑ National Psoriasis Foundation, http://www.psoriasis.org/home/learn02.php Archived 2016-10-19 at the वेबैक मशीन
  60. ↑ "Relapsing Polychondritis: Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook". मूल से 14 जुलाई 2012 को पुरालेखित.
  61. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  62. ↑ "eMedicine - Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed : Article by Walter Duane Hinshaw". मूल से 15 सितंबर 2008 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 18 सितंबर 2008.
  63. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  64. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  65. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  66. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  67. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  68. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  69. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  70. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  71. ↑ J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 8 (12): 1971–6, 1997, PMID 9402102 http://jasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9402102 नामालूम प्राचल |month= की उपेक्षा की गयी (मदद); गायब अथवा खाली |title= (मदद)
  72. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  73. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  74. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर
  75. ↑ "Questions and Answers about Vitiligo". मूल से 8 अगस्त 2007 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 6 अगस्त 2007.
  76. ↑ "A New Gene Linked to Vitiligo and Susceptibility to Autoimmune Disorders - Journal Watch Dermatology". मूल से 3 सितंबर 2007 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 6 अगस्त 2007.
  77. ↑ (वीर गडरिया) पाल बघेल धनगर

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साँचा:स्वप्रतिरक्षित रोग

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