चित्र:15th century Bugga Ramalingeswara temple, Tadipatri, Andhra Pradesh, India - 193.jpg

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विवरण
English: Tadipatri – also referred to as Tadpatri, Tatipatri, Tativanam, Tamalapalle or Bhaskarakshetra in historic Indian literature – is a town in Anantapur district of southwestern Andhra Pradesh. Before the 17th-century, it was a major city of the Vijayanagara Empire and regional capital for regional governors such as Pemmasani Ramalinga Naidu. It had many temples, most of which were destroyed after the fall of the Vijayanagara era to Deccan Sultanates. Two of its largest temples survived as ruins and in mutilated form. One of them was the 15th-century Bugga Ramalingeswara temple.
  • The temples complex is on the southern banks of river Pennar.
  • The main shrine is dedicated to Shiva, with additional shrines for Parshurama, Rama with Sita in a twin-shrine, Veerabhadra, and Durga.
  • The Shiva shrine consists of a ardha-mandapa, mukha-mandapa and garbha-griya (sanctum). The sanctum has a natural lingam-shaped rock that receives water from an underground perennial water stream (svayambhu linga, also spelled swayambhu lingam).
  • The shrines walls have many bas reliefs of the Hindu epics: the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Many statues near the shrines and in covered areas are beheaded or are defaced, have chopped limbs, chopped breasts and similar damage. Some are intact and show the mastery of the shilpins (artisans).
  • The northern gopura is incomplete, with some locals stating that it was never completed and other locals stating that it was torn down during the destruction of Tadipatri after the fall of the Vijayanagara. The southern gopura shows extensive signs of mutilation and destruction, while the northern gopura shows signs of mutilation but the top appears more flat. Both have been cleaned up and restored.
  • The gopura have many layers of carvings. The top most layers depict major Vedic and Puranic Hindu gods and goddesses, with some in form linked to their most well known legends (for example Durga as Mahisasuramardini). The middle and lower layers show scenes of kama, artha and dharma. The layers near the walkways into the temples complex have more kama-mithuna scenes with amorous couples, some in sexual scenes.
  • The decorations near the base moldings and corners depicts birds such as parrots picking fruits, and hamsa with intertwined necks; other layers show Hindu festivals and community dances. Some sections have celestial dancers and musicians (gandharas).
  • The vimana are dvitala (two storeys) in Dravidian style.
  • The Rama-Sita shrines have a large ranga-mandapa with 29 pillars.
  • Many pillars and pilasters are intricately carved.
  • The ceilings have full blown inverted lotus carvings with intricate details.
  • The temple architecture is the Vijayanagara Empire style, and their Varaha, sword, sun and moon (boar-legend) motif is marked near the gopuras and elsewhere.
  • Many sections have inscriptions. These and architectural style helps date this temple to the last quarter of the 15th-century.
  • Above: two shrines (partly restored)
For more details and the history of this temple along with that of Tadipatri, please see: N.S. Ramaswami (1976), Temples of Tadpatri, Archaeological Series No. 45.
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लेखक Ms Sarah Welch
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A Vijayanagar empire era Hindu temples complex with shrines of Shaivism, Vaishnavism, Shaktism within the same compound

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४ सितम्बर 2019

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