चूँकि कोई भी त्रिकोणमितीय फलन एकैकी (one-to-one) नहीं है, इनके प्रतिलोम फलन तभी सम्भव होंगे यदि इनके डोमेन सीमित रखे जांय।
निम्नांकित सारणी में मुख्य प्रतिलोमों का विवरण दिया गया है-
नाम
सामान्य निरूपण
परिभाषा
वास्तविक परिणाम के लिये x का डोमेन
मुख्य मानों का परास (रेंज) (रेडियन )
मुख्य मानों का परास (डिग्री)
arcsine
y = arcsin x
x = sin y
−1 ≤ x ≤ 1
−π/2 ≤ y ≤ π/2
−90° ≤ y ≤ 90°
arccosine
y = arccos x
x = cos y
−1 ≤ x ≤ 1
0 ≤ y ≤ π
0° ≤ y ≤ 180°
arctangent
y = arctan x
x = tan y
all real numbers
−π/2 < y < π/2
−90° < y < 90°
arccotangent
y = arccot x
x = cot y
all real numbers
0 < y < π
0° < y < 180°
arcsecant
y = arcsec x
x = sec y
x ≤ −1 or 1 ≤ x
0 ≤ y < π/2 or π/2 < y ≤ π
0° ≤ y < 90° or 90° < y ≤ 180°
arccosecant
y = arccsc x
x = csc y
x ≤ −1 or 1 ≤ x
−π/2 ≤ y < 0 or 0 < y ≤ π/2
-90° ≤ y < 0° or 0° < y ≤ 90°
यदि x को समिश्र संख्या होने की छूट हो तो y का रेंज केवल इसके वास्तविक भाग (real part) पर ही लागू होगा।
The usual principal values of the arcsin(x ) (red) and arccos(x ) (blue) functions graphed on the cartesian plane.
The usual principal values of the arctan(x ) and arccot(x ) functions graphed on the cartesian plane.
Principal values of the arcsec(x ) and arccsc(x ) functions graphed on the cartesian plane.
Complementary angles:
arccos
x
=
π
2
−
arcsin
x
{\displaystyle \arccos x={\frac {\pi }{2}}-\arcsin x}
arccot
x
=
π
2
−
arctan
x
{\displaystyle \operatorname {arccot} x={\frac {\pi }{2}}-\arctan x}
arccsc
x
=
π
2
−
arcsec
x
{\displaystyle \operatorname {arccsc} x={\frac {\pi }{2}}-\operatorname {arcsec} x}
Negative arguments:
arcsin
(
−
x
)
=
−
arcsin
x
{\displaystyle \arcsin(-x)=-\arcsin x\!}
arccos
(
−
x
)
=
π
−
arccos
x
{\displaystyle \arccos(-x)=\pi -\arccos x\!}
arctan
(
−
x
)
=
−
arctan
x
{\displaystyle \arctan(-x)=-\arctan x\!}
arccot
(
−
x
)
=
π
−
arccot
x
{\displaystyle \operatorname {arccot}(-x)=\pi -\operatorname {arccot} x\!}
arcsec
(
−
x
)
=
π
−
arcsec
x
{\displaystyle \operatorname {arcsec}(-x)=\pi -\operatorname {arcsec} x\!}
arccsc
(
−
x
)
=
−
arccsc
x
{\displaystyle \operatorname {arccsc}(-x)=-\operatorname {arccsc} x\!}
Reciprocal arguments:
arccos
(
1
/
x
)
=
arcsec
x
{\displaystyle \arccos(1/x)\,=\operatorname {arcsec} x\,}
arcsin
(
1
/
x
)
=
arccsc
x
{\displaystyle \arcsin(1/x)\,=\operatorname {arccsc} x\,}
arctan
(
1
/
x
)
=
1
2
π
−
arctan
x
=
arccot
x
,
if
x
>
0
{\displaystyle \arctan(1/x)={\tfrac {1}{2}}\pi -\arctan x=\operatorname {arccot} x,{\text{ if }}x>0\,}
arctan
(
1
/
x
)
=
−
1
2
π
−
arctan
x
=
−
π
+
arccot
x
,
if
x
<
0
{\displaystyle \arctan(1/x)=-{\tfrac {1}{2}}\pi -\arctan x=-\pi +\operatorname {arccot} x,{\text{ if }}x<0\,}
arccot
(
1
/
x
)
=
1
2
π
−
arccot
x
=
arctan
x
,
if
x
>
0
{\displaystyle \operatorname {arccot}(1/x)={\tfrac {1}{2}}\pi -\operatorname {arccot} x=\arctan x,{\text{ if }}x>0\,}
arccot
(
1
/
x
)
=
3
2
π
−
arccot
x
=
π
+
arctan
x
,
if
x
<
0
{\displaystyle \operatorname {arccot}(1/x)={\tfrac {3}{2}}\pi -\operatorname {arccot} x=\pi +\arctan x,{\text{ if }}x<0\,}
arcsec
(
1
/
x
)
=
arccos
x
{\displaystyle \operatorname {arcsec}(1/x)=\arccos x\,}
arccsc
(
1
/
x
)
=
arcsin
x
{\displaystyle \operatorname {arccsc}(1/x)=\arcsin x\,}
If you only have a fragment of a sine table:
arccos
x
=
arcsin
1
−
x
2
,
if
0
≤
x
≤
1
{\displaystyle \arccos x=\arcsin {\sqrt {1-x^{2}}},{\text{ if }}0\leq x\leq 1}
arctan
x
=
arcsin
x
x
2
+
1
{\displaystyle \arctan x=\arcsin {\frac {x}{\sqrt {x^{2}+1}}}}
Whenever the square root of a complex number is used here, we choose the root with the positive real part (or positive imaginary part if the square was negative real).
From the half-angle formula
tan
θ
2
=
sin
θ
1
+
cos
θ
{\displaystyle \tan {\frac {\theta }{2}}={\frac {\sin \theta }{1+\cos \theta }}}
, we get:
arcsin
x
=
2
arctan
x
1
+
1
−
x
2
{\displaystyle \arcsin x=2\arctan {\frac {x}{1+{\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}}}}
arccos
x
=
2
arctan
1
−
x
2
1
+
x
,
if
−
1
<
x
≤
+
1
{\displaystyle \arccos x=2\arctan {\frac {\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}{1+x}},{\text{ if }}-1<x\leq +1}
arctan
x
=
2
arctan
x
1
+
1
+
x
2
{\displaystyle \arctan x=2\arctan {\frac {x}{1+{\sqrt {1+x^{2}}}}}}
त्रिकोणमितीय फलनों एवं प्रतिलोम त्रिकोणमितीय फलनों में संबन्ध
संपादित करें
sin
(
arccos
x
)
=
cos
(
arcsin
x
)
=
1
−
x
2
{\displaystyle \sin(\arccos x)=\cos(\arcsin x)={\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}}
sin
(
arctan
x
)
=
x
1
+
x
2
{\displaystyle \sin(\arctan x)={\frac {x}{\sqrt {1+x^{2}}}}}
cos
(
arctan
x
)
=
1
1
+
x
2
{\displaystyle \cos(\arctan x)={\frac {1}{\sqrt {1+x^{2}}}}}
tan
(
arcsin
x
)
=
x
1
−
x
2
{\displaystyle \tan(\arcsin x)={\frac {x}{\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}}}
tan
(
arccos
x
)
=
1
−
x
2
x
{\displaystyle \tan(\arccos x)={\frac {\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}{x}}}