भारतीय उपग्रहों की सूची
यह सम्पूर्ण पृष्ठ या इसके कुछ अनुभाग हिन्दी के अतिरिक्त अन्य भाषा(ओं) में भी लिखे गए हैं। आप इनका करके विकिपीडिया की सहायता कर सकते हैं। |
भारत ने 1975 से अब (30 अगस्त 2013) तक (71)कृत्रिम उपग्रह सफलतापूर्वक प्रक्षेपित किया है। ये उपग्रह विभिन्न प्रक्षेपण यानों द्वारा प्रक्षेपित किये गये हैं जैसे अमेरिकी, रूसी, यूरोपीय तथा स्वदेशी यान। भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन (ISRO) भारतीय उपग्रहों के डिजाइन एवं निर्माण का कार्य करती है।[1]
उपग्रह
संपादित करें(प्रक्षेपण तिथि के अनुसार शाटित)
उपग्रह | प्रक्षेपण तिथि | प्रक्षेपण यान | टिप्प्णी | इसरो कड़ी |
---|---|---|---|---|
आर्यभट्ट | 19अप्रैल 1975 | इंटरकॉसमॉस | उपग्रह प्रणाली निर्माण और संचालन में तकनीकी अनुभव प्रदान किया | [1] |
भास्कर - १ | 07 जून 1979 | इंटरकॉसमॉस | प्रथम प्रायोगिक सुदूर संवेदी उपग्रह। यह अपने साथ टीवी तथा माइक्रोवेव कैमरा ले गया। | [2] |
रोहिणी प्रौद्योगिकी पेलोड | 10 अगस्त 1979 | Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV) | पहली प्रायोगिक उड़ान एसएलवी-3 के प्रदर्शन को मापने के उद्देश्य से, जो भारत का पहला प्रक्षेपण वाहन था। यह कक्षा में प्रवेश नहीं कर पाया। | [3] |
रोहिणी आर एस - १ | 18 जुलाई 1981 | SLV-3 | एसएलवी-3 के दूसरी प्रायोगिक प्रक्षेपण के दौरान उड़ान प्रदर्शन को मापने के लिए। | [4] |
रोहिणी आर एस - डी १ | 31 मई 1981 | SLV-3 | पहचान चिह्न संवेदक पेलोड का उपयोग करके कुछ सुदूरसंवेदी प्रौद्योगिकी अध्ययनों के संचालन के लिए। एसएलवी-3 के पहले विकासात्मक प्रक्षेपण द्वारा प्रक्षेपित। | [5] |
Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment | 19 जून 1981 | Ariane | प्रथम प्रायोगिक संचार उपग्रह। तीन-अक्ष स्थिरित संचार उपग्रह के पेलोड प्रयोग को बनाने और संचालित करने का अनुभव प्रदान किया। | [6] |
भास्कर - २ | 20 नवम्बर 1981 | इंटरकॉसमॉस | Second experimental remote sensing satellite; similar to Bhaskara-1. Provided experience in building and operating a remote sensing satellite system on an end-to-end basis. | [7] |
INSAT-1A | 10 अप्रैल 1982 | Delta launch vehicle | First operational multipurpose communication and meteorology satellite. Procured from USA. Worked for only six months. | [8] |
रोहिणी आर एस - डी २ | 17 अप्रैल 1983 | SLV-3 | Identical to RS-D1. Launched by the second developmental launch of SLV-3. | [9] |
INSAT-1B | 30 अगस्त 1983 | Shuttle [PAM-D] | Identical to INSAT-1A. Served for more than design life of seven years. | [10] |
Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-1) | 24 मार्च 1987 | ASLV | Carried payload for launch vehicle performance monitoring and for gamma ray astronomy. Did not achieve orbit. | [11] |
IRS-1A | 17 मार्च 1988 | Vostok | Earth observation satellite. First operational remote sensing satellite. | [12] |
Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-2) | 13 जुलाई 1988 | ASLV | Carried remote sensing payload of German space agency in addition to Gamma Ray astronomy payload. Did not achieve orbit. | [13] |
INSAT-1C | 21 जुलाई 1988 | Ariane-3 | Same as INSAT-1A. Served for only one-and-a-half years. | [14] |
INSAT-1D | 12 जून 1990 | Delta 4925 | Identical to INSAT-1A. Still in service. A third stage motor landed from its launch, landed in Australia in 2008.[2] | [15] |
IRS-1B | 29 अगस्त 1991 | Vostok | Earth observation satellite. Improved version of IRS-1A. | [16] |
INSAT-2DT | 26 फ़रवरी 1992 | Ariane-44L H10 | Launched as Arabsat 1C. Procured in orbit from Arabsat in January 1998. | [17] |
Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-C) | 20 मई 1992 | ASLV | Carried gamma ray astronomy and aeronomy payload. | [18] |
INSAT-2A | 10 जुलाई 1992 | Ariane-44L H10 | First satellite in the second-generation Indian-built INSAT-2 series. Has enhanced capability over INSAT-1 series. Still in service. | [19] |
INSAT-2B | 23 जुलाई 1993 | Ariane-44L H10+ | Second satellite in INSAT-2 series. Identical to INSAT-2A. Still in service. | [20] |
IRS-1E | 20 सितंबर 1993 | PSLV-D1 | Earth observation satellite. Did not achieve orbit. | [21] |
Stretched Rohini Satellite Series (SROSS-C2) | 4 मई 1994 | ASLV | Identical to SROSS-C. Still in service. | [22] |
IRS-P2 | 15 अक्टूबर 1994 | PSLV-D2 | Earth observation satellite. Launched by second developmental flight of PSLV.Mission accomplished after 3 years of service in 1997. | [23] |
INSAT-2C | 7 दिसम्बर 1995 | Ariane-44L H10-3 | Has additional capabilities such as mobile satellite service, business communication and television outreach beyond Indian boundaries. Still in service. | [24] |
IRS-1C | 29 दिसम्बर 1995 | Molniya | Earth observation satellite. Launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome. | [25] |
IRS-P3 | 21 मार्च 1996 | PSLV-D3 | Earth observation satellite. Carries remote sensing payload and an X-ray astronomy payload. Launched by third developmental flight of PSLV. | [26] |
INSAT-2D | 4 जून 1997 | Ariane-44L H10-3 | Same as INSAT-2C. Inoperable since 4 अक्टूबर 1997 due to power bus anomaly. | [27] |
IRS-1D | 29 सितंबर 1997 | PSLV-C1 | Earth observation satellite. Same as IRS-1C. | [28] |
INSAT-2E | 3 अप्रैल 1999 | Ariane-42P H10-3 | Multipurpose communication and meteorological satellite. | [29] |
Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) | 26 मई 1999 | PSLV-C2 | Earth observation satellite. Carries an Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) and a Multifrequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR). | [30] |
INSAT-3B | 22 मार्च 2000 | Ariane-5G | Multipurpose communication: business communication, developmental communication, and mobile communication. | [31] |
GSAT-1 | 18 अप्रैल 2001 | GSLV-D1 | Experimental satellite for the first developmental flight of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle, GSLV-D1. | [32] |
Technology Experiment Satellite (TES) | 22 अक्टूबर 2001 | PSLV-C3 | Experimental satellite to test technologies such as attitude and orbit control system, high-torque reaction wheels, new reaction control system, etc. | [33] |
INSAT-3C | 24 जनवरी 2002 | Ariane-42L H10-3 | Designed to augment the existing INSAT capacity for communication and broadcasting and provide continuity of the services of INSAT-2C. | [34] |
Kalpana-1 (METSAT) | 12 सितंबर 2002 | PSLV-C4 | First meteorological satellite built by ISRO. Originally named METSAT. Renamed after Kalpana Chawla who perished in the Space Shuttle Columbia. | [35] |
INSAT-3A | 10 अप्रैल 2003 | Ariane-5G | Multipurpose satellite for communication, broadcasting, and meteorological services along with INSAT-2E and Kalpana-1. | [36] |
GSAT-2 | 8 मई 2003 | GSLV-D2 | Experimental satellite for the second developmental test flight of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) | [37] |
INSAT-3E | 28 सितंबर 2003 | Ariane-5G | Communication satellite to augment the existing INSAT System. | [38] |
RESOURCESAT-1 (IRS-P6) | 17 अक्टूबर 2003 | PSLV-C5 | Earth observation/remote sensing satellite. Intended to supplement and replace IRS-1C and IRS-1D. | [39] |
EDUSAT | 20 अक्टूबर 2004 | GSLV-F01 | Also designated GSAT-3. India’s first exclusive educational satellite. | [40] |
HAMSAT | 5 मई 2005 | PSLV-C6 | Microsatellite (42.5 kilograms) for providing satellite-based amateur radio services to the national as well as the international community. | [41] |
CARTOSAT-1 | 5 मई 2005 | PSLV-C6 | Earth observation satellite. Provides stereographic in-orbit images with a 2.5-meter resolution. | [42] |
INSAT-4A | 22 दिसम्बर 2005 | Ariane-5GS | Advanced satellite for direct-to-home television broadcasting services. | [43] |
INSAT-4C | 10 जुलाई 2006 | GSLV-F02 | Geosynchronous communications satellite. Did not achieve orbit. | [44] |
CARTOSAT-2 | 10 जनवरी 2007 | PSLV-C7 | Advanced remote sensing satellite carrying a panchromatic camera capable of providing scene-specific spot images. | [45] |
Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1) | 10 जनवरी 2007 | PSLV-C7 | Experimental satellite intended to demonstrate the technology of an orbiting platform for performing experiments in microgravity conditions. Launched as a co-passenger with CARTOSAT-2. SRE-1 was de-orbited and recovered successfully after 12 days over Bay of Bengal. | [46] |
INSAT-4B | 12 मार्च 2007 | Ariane-5ECA | Identical to INSAT-4A. Further augments the INSAT capacity for direct-to-home (DTH) television services and other communications. On the night of 7 जुलाई INSAT-4B experienced a power supply glitch which led to switching 'off' of 50 per cent of the transponder capacity (6 Ku and 6 C-Band transponders). | [47] |
INSAT-4CR | 2 सितंबर 2007 | GSLV-F04 | Identical to INSAT-4C. It carried 12 high-power Ku-band transponders designed to provide direct-to-home (DTH) television services, Digital Satellite News Gathering etc. | [48] |
CARTOSAT-2A | 28 अप्रैल 2008 | PSLV-C9 | Earth observation/remote sensing satellite. Identical to CARTOSAT-2. | [49] |
IMS-1 (Third World Satellite – TWsat) | 28 अप्रैल 2008 | PSLV-C9 | Low-cost microsatellite imaging mission. Launched as co-passenger with CARTOSAT-2A. | [50] |
Chandrayaan-1 | 22 अक्टूबर 2008 | PSLV-C11 | Unmanned lunar probe. Carries 11 scientific instruments built in India, USA, UK, Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria. | [51] |
RISAT-2 | 20 अप्रैल 2009 | PSLV-C12 | Radar imaging satellite used to monitor India's borders and as part of anti-infiltration and anti-terrorist operations. Launched as a co-passenger with ANUSAT. | [52] |
ANUSAT | 20 अप्रैल 2009 | PSLV-C12 | Research microsatellite designed at Anna University. Carries an amateur radio and technology demonstration experiments. | [53] |
Oceansat-2 (IRS-P4) | 23 सितंबर 2009 | PSLV-C14 | Gathers data for oceanographic, coastal and atmospheric applications. Continues mission of Oceansat-1. | [54] |
GSAT-4 | 15 अप्रैल 2010 | GSLV-D3 | Communications satellite technology demonstrator. Failed to reach orbit due to GSLV-D3 failure. | [55] |
CARTOSAT-2B | 12 जुलाई 2010 | PSLV-C15 | Earth observation/remote sensing satellite. Identical to CARTOSAT-2A. | [56] |
StudSat | 12 जुलाई 2010 | PSLV-C15 | First Indian pico-satellite (weighing less than 1 kg). Developed by a team from seven engineering colleges from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. | [57] |
GSAT-5P / INSAT-4D | 25 दिसम्बर 2010 | GSLV-F06 | C-band communication satellite, failed to reach orbit due to GSLV-F06 failure. | [58] |
RESOURCESAT-2 | 20 अप्रैल 2011 | PSLV-C16 | RESOURCESAT-2, ISRO's eighteenth remote-sensing satellite, followed RESOURCESAT-1. PSLV-C16 placed three satellites with a total payload mass of 1404 kg - RESOURCESAT-2 weighing 1206 kg, the Indo-Russian YOUTHSAT weighing 92 kg and Singapore's X-SAT weighing 106 kg – into an 822 km polar Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO). | [59] |
Youthsat | 20 अप्रैल 2011 | PSLV-C16 | Indo-Russian stellar and atmospheric satellite with the participation of university students. It weighed 92 kg | [60] |
GSAT-8 / INSAT-4G | 21 मई 2011 | Ariane-5 VA-202 | Communications satellite carries 24 Ku-band transponders and 2 channel GAGAN payload operating in L1 and L5 band. | [61] |
GSAT-12 | 15 जुलाई 2011 | PSLV-C17 | GSAT-12 communication satellite built by ISRO, weighs about 1410 kg at lift-off. GSAT-12 is configured to carry 12 Extended C-band transponders to meet the country's growing demand for transponders in a short turn-around-time.The 12 Extended C-band transponders of GSAT-12 will augment the capacity in the INSAT system for various communication services like Tele-education, Telemedicine and for Village Resource Centres (VRC).Mission life About 8 Years. | [62] |
Megha-Tropiques | 12 अक्टूबर 2011 | PSLV-C18 | Megha-Tropiques weighs about 1000 kg Lift-off Mass, developed jointly by ISRO and the French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES). PSLV-C18 is configured to carry four satellites in which, one satellite, developed by India and France, will track the weather, two were developed by educational institutions, and the fourth is from Luxembourg. | [63] |
Jugnu | 12 अक्टूबर 2011 | PSLV-C18 | Nano-satellite weighing 3 kg developed by IIT Kanpur | [64] |
RISAT-1 | 26 अप्रैल 2012 | PSLV-C19 | RISAT-1, first indigenous all-weather Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1), whose images will facilitate agriculture and disaster management weighs about 1858 kg. | [65] |
SRMSAT | 26 अप्रैल 2012 | PSLV-C19 | Nano-satellite weighing 10.9 kg developed by SRM University. | [66] |
GSAT-10[3] | 29 सितंबर 2012 | Ariane-5 VA-209 | GSAT-10, भारत’s advanced communication satellite, is a high power satellite being inducted into the INSAT system. Weighing 3400 kg at lift-off. | [67] |
SARAL[4] | 25 फ़रवरी 2013 | PSLV-C20 | SARAL, The Satellite with ARGOS and ALTIKA (SARAL) is a joint Indo-French satellite mission for oceanographic studies. | [68] |
IRNSS-1A[5] | 1 जुलाई 2013 | PSLV-C22 | IRNSS-1A is the first satellite in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). It is one of the seven satellites constituting the IRNSS space segment. | [69] |
INSAT-3D[6] | 26 जुलाई 2013 | Ariane-5 | INSAT-3D is the meteorological Satellite with advanced weather monitoring payloads . | [70] |
GSAT-7[7] | 30 अगस्त 2013 | Ariane-5 | GSAT-7 is the advanced multi-band communication satellite dedicated for military use. | [71] |
सन्दर्भ
संपादित करें- ↑ "ISRO - All Satellites". ISRO. मूल से 5 अगस्त 2013 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 26 जुलाई 2013.
- ↑ "Orbital Debris Quarterly News - Volume 12 Issue 4" (PDF). मूल से 16 फ़रवरी 2013 को पुरालेखित (PDF). अभिगमन तिथि 28 अक्तूबर 2013.
- ↑ "GSAT-10". space.skyrocket.de. मूल से 24 जनवरी 2013 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 12 अप्रैल 2012.
- ↑ "Satellite SARAL". space.skyrocket.de. मूल से 29 अक्तूबर 2013 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 29 अप्रैल 2011.
- ↑ "Satellite IRNSS-1A". isro.org. मूल से 5 जुलाई 2013 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 1 जुलाई 2013.
- ↑ "Satellite INSAT-3D". isro.org. मूल से 5 अगस्त 2013 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 26 जुलाई 2013.
- ↑ "Satellite GSAT-7". isro.org. मूल से 17 दिसंबर 2013 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 30 अगस्त 2013.
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