लम्बा कूच

तिथि	16 October 1934 – 22 October 1935; (1 year, 6 days)
स्थान	Republic of China (Chinese Soviet Republic) From Jiangxi to Shaanxi;
परिणाम	Armies of the Chinese Communist Party evade the Kuomintang armies and KMT-aligned warlords

	चीनी गृहयुद्ध का भाग
	Map of the Long March 1934-1935-en.svg; Overview map of the route of the Long March; Light red areas show Communist enclaves. Areas marked by a blue "X" were overrun by Kuomintang forces during the Fourth Encirclement Campaign, forcing the Fourth Red Army (north) and the Second Red Army (south) to retreat to more western enclaves (dotted lines). The dashed line is the route of the First Red Army from Jiangxi. The withdrawal of all three Red Armies ends in the northeast enclave of Shaanxi.
तिथि	16 October 1934 – 22 October 1935; (1 year, 6 days)
स्थान	Republic of China (Chinese Soviet Republic) From Jiangxi to Shaanxi;
परिणाम	Armies of the Chinese Communist Party evade the Kuomintang armies and KMT-aligned warlords
योद्धा
Nationalist Government Nationalist Party; Allied warlordsSupported by:; Germany;	Chinese Soviet Republic Communist PartySupported by:; Soviet Union;
सेनानायक
Chiang Kai-shek; Hsüeh Yüeh; Pai Ch'ung-hsi; Hans von Seeckt	माओ ज़ेदोंग (माओ-त्से-तुंग) ; Zhu De; Zhou Enlai; Peng Dehuai ; Lin Piao; Otto Braun; Deng Xiaoping
शक्ति/क्षमता
over 300,000	First Front Red Army: 69,000 (October 1934) ; 7,000 (October 1935)

लॉन्ग मार्च (Long March) या दीर्घ प्रयाण या लम्बा कूच 16 अक्टूबर 1934 से शुरु होकर 20 अक्टूबर 1935 तक चलने वाला चीन की साम्यवादी (कुंगचांगतांग) सेना का एक कूच था जब उनकी फ़ौज विरोधी गुओमिंदांग दल (राष्ट्रवादी समूह) की सेना से बचने के लिए 370 दिनों में लगभग 6000 मील का सफ़र तय किया। वास्तव में यह एक कूच नहीं बल्कि कई कुचों की शृंखला थी जिसमें से जिआंगशी प्रान्त से अक्टूबर 1934 को शुरू हुआ कूच सबसे प्रसिद्ध है। यह कूच माओ ज़ेदोंग (माओ-त्से-तुंग) और झोऊ एन्लाई के नेतृत्व में किये गए और पश्चिमी चीन के दुर्गम क्षेत्रों से गुज़रकर पहले पश्चिम की ओर और फिर उत्तर मुड़कर शान्शी प्रान्त में ख़त्म हुआ। कुल मिलकर इस कूच पर 1,00,000 साम्यवादी सैनिक निकले थे लेकिन इसके अंत कर इनमें से 20% ही जीवित बचे।^[1]

कालक्रम

च्यांग काई-शेक ने १९३४ में साम्यवादियों को जियांगसि (Jiangxi) में चारों ओर से घेर लिया था

1930: Unofficial founding of the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet by Mao Zedong and Zhu De.
1931: December, Zhou Enlai arrives in Ruijin and replaces Mao as leader of the CCP.
1932: October, at the Ningdu Conference, major CCP military leaders criticize Mao's tactics; Mao is demoted to figurehead status.
1933: Bo Gu and Otto Braun (Li De) arrive from the USSR, reorganize the Red Army, and take control of Party affairs. They defeat four encirclement campaigns.
1933: September 25, start of the Fifth Encirclement Campaign. Bo and Braun are defeated.
1934: October 16, breakout of 130,000 soldiers and civilians led by Bo Gu and Otto Braun, beginning the Long March.
1934: November 25 – December 3, Battle of Xiang River.
1935: January 15–17, Zunyi Conference. The leadership of Bo and Braun is denounced. Zhou becomes the most powerful person in the Party; Mao becomes Zhou's assistant.
1935: June–July, troops under Zhou and Mao meet with Zhang Guotao's troops. The two forces disagree on strategy, and separate.
1935: April 29 – May 8, crossing of the Jinsha River, a major tributary of the Yangtze.
1935: May 22, Yihai Alliance with the Yi people.
1935: May 29, CCP forces capture Luding Bridge.
1935: July, CCP forces cross the Jade Dragon Snow Mountains.
1935: August, CCP forces cross the Zoigê Marsh.
1935: September 16, CCP forces cross the Lazikou Pass.
1935: October 22, Union of the three armies in Shaanxi, end of the Long March.
1935: November, Mao becomes leader of the CCP. Zhou becomes Mao's assistant.

इन्हें भी देखें

सन्दर्भ

↑ The Kingfisher History Encyclopedia, Editors of Kingfisher, pp. 403, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-7534-5784-9, ... In October 1934, 100,000 communists left Jiangxi and set out on what has become known as the Long March ... Only one-fifth of them reached their destination ...

यह इतिहास -सम्बन्धी लेख एक आधार है। जानकारी जोड़कर इसे बढ़ाने में विकिपीडिया की मदद करें।

यह चीन से सम्बंधित लेख एक आधार है। जानकारी जोड़कर इसे बढ़ाने में विकिपीडिया की मदद करें।

सन्दर्भ त्रुटि: "lower-alpha" नामक सन्दर्भ-समूह के लिए <ref> टैग मौजूद हैं, परन्तु समूह के लिए कोई <references group="lower-alpha"/> टैग नहीं मिला। यह भी संभव है कि कोई समाप्ति </ref> टैग गायब है।

[ref66zedeh-2] The Kingfisher History Encyclopedia, Editors of Kingfisher, pp. 403, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-7534-5784-9, ... In October 1934, 100,000 communists left Jiangxi and set out on what has become known as the Long March ... Only one-fifth of them reached their destination ...

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