"बठिंडा": अवतरणों में अंतर
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नया पृष्ठ: बठिंडा पंजाब में स्थित एक महत्वपूर्ण और विकासशाली शहर है । यह चंद... |
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पंक्ति 1:
{{Refimprove|date=February 2007}}{{POV|date=December 2007}}
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction |
native_name=Bathinda |
locator_position=right |
latd = 30.23|longd=74.95|
state_name = Punjab |
district=[[Bathinda district|Bathinda]] |
leader_title=[[Deputy Commissioner]] |
leader_name='''Rahul Tiwari''' |
population_as_of = 2001 |
population_total = 217,389|
population_density = ?|
area_telephone=91-164 |
postal_code= 151001 to 151005|
vehicle_code_range=PB 03 |
footnotes = |
}}
'''Bathinda'''([[Punjabi]]: ਬਠਿੰਡਾ) is one of the oldest and most famous cities of the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state of north-western [[India]]. It is relatively a small city as compared to other cities of Punjab or India. It is situated in [[Malwa (Punjab)]] Region. It was in the [[jungle]]s of Bathinda that [[Guru Gobind Singh Ji]] is reputed to have once challenged and fought the mighty [[chumacca]] forces. Bathinda also had a prominent role in the nation's struggle of freedom against the [[British Raj|British rule]] and the autocratic administration of princely rulers. A prominent landmark is [[Qila Mubarak|Qila Mubarak fort]].
Bathinda is undergoing rapid industrialization: among recently developed features are a modern [[thermal power plant]], [[fertilizer]] factories, and a large [[oil refinery]]<ref>http://www.indianetzone.com/6/bathinda.htm</ref>. Bathinda is one of the biggest food grain and [[cotton]] markets in [[northern India]], and the area around Bathinda has become a large grape growing area.{{Specify|date=February 2007}} Bathinda is also a leading [[railway junction]] and the administrative headquarters of [[Bathinda District]]. The [[American International]] firm [[Pepsi]] processes horticultural products grown in Bathinda.
It is wrong to say that there is any pepsi plant in Bhatinda.
==History==
===Prehistoric Bathinda===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Timetable of prehistoric Bathinda area<!-- if required -->
! Year
! Event
|-
|
|-
| 40,000 BC
| People began living in man-made shelter huts in northern [[Punjab region|Punjab]] and [[central Asia]] ([[Bactria]])
|-
| 7,000 BC
| There is evidence of people growing [[barley]] in this area and raising sheep and goats. People began living in mud-brick dwellings in villages, some of which are still in existence.
|-
| 5,500 BC
| Inhabitants learned to make pottery from burnt [[clay]], a technique that is scarce but still alive today.
|-
| 3,000 BC
| Farming villages began appearing in the Bathinda area, most of which still exist today.
|-
| 2,600 BC
| Farmers in the area made use of the [[plough]]; exactly as it is still used in some Bathinda areas today.
|-
| 1,500 BC
| Cities of the area were abandoned, but the rural villages thrived and survive; [[Indo-Aryans]] arrived in the area.
|-
| 800 BC
| Indo-Aryans spread in the area and began clear-cutting forests.
|-
| 600 BC
| Area inhabitants began use of elephants in warfare.
|-
| 125 BC
| A [[Scythian]] tribe known as [[Sakas]] invaded Punjab from [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]] and [[Sind]].
|-
| 15 AD
| The [[Kushan]] Kingdom was restored in the area.
|}
===Birth of modern Bathinda===
It is believed that [[Rao Bhatti]] established the modern town of Bathinda in the [[Lakhi jungle]] area in the third century, and it was captured from him by the Brars. [[Rao Bhatti|Bala Rao Bhatti]] inhabited the city in 965, naming it Bhatinda after his caste name. The city also remained the capital of Raja Jaipal.
In 1004, [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] besieged the local fort, which was located on the route from the northwest into the rich [[Ganges]] valley. In 1189, [[Muhammad Ghori]] attacked and occupied the fort of Bathinda. [[Prithvi Raj Chauhan]], the ruler of this region, managed to recover possession of the fort thirteen months later in 1191 after a fierce battle.
[[Razia Sultan]], the first female ruler of India, was imprisoned at Bathinda in April, 1240. She was released in August of that year through the efforts of Altunia, the local governor. Both Altunia and Razia married but were killed by robbers near [[Kaithal]] on [[October 13]].
The [[Sidhu]]-Brars were thrown out of Bathinda during the [[Lodhi]]'s rule, but were restored to the area by [[Babur]]. A few years later, Roop Chand, a staunch [[Sikh]], came onto the scene of Punjab history. Phul, the second son of Roop Chand, started the practice of ''[[langar]]'' (community kitchen) for the people in the [[Lakhi jungle]] area and built a fort around 1654.
===The story of Bhai Roop Chand ji===
{{Inappropriate tone|date=December 2007}}
On the day of her marriage to Raja Sada’s son Sidhu on 16th ''Jyesth'' 1670, Bibi Surti of ''Vada Ghar'' (near ''Daroli'') had the chance to meet [[Guru Hargobind]]. Her father, Bhai Aqal, was a disciple of Guru Ramdas ji and [[Guru Arjan Dev|Guru Arjan Dev ji]]. The Guru gave her his blessings and professed that she would give birth to a boy who would be honoured by the public and the kings as a [[Sikh]].
As professed, a boy was born on 3-Baisakh and was named “Roop chand” by [[Guru Arjan Dev]] himself. Father Sidhu and son Roop Chand were superintending the harvesting of the crop. It was a very hot day. They had a goat skin bottle hanging from a branch in the shade of the neighbouring tree. Moved by devotion, they dedicated the water as offering to the Guru and refrained from drinking it. Though they were exhausted by the heat, neither gave in to their thirst. Legend has it that the omnipresent [[Guru Har Gobind]] was aware of the distress which both suffered on account of their deep devotion to him. Thus the Guru travelled 32 miles on horseback despite the hot day to meet both men and drink his fill of water while sharing with his devoted disciples.
The sixth Guru laid the foundation of Village Bhai Roopa on the 16th Baisakh, 1687 ''Bikrmi'' (AD 1630) naming it after Bhai Roop Chand. In August 1631, [[Guru Har Gobind|Guru Har Gobind Sahib ji]] with 3000 warriors again visited Bhai Roopa and stayed there for three months. The Guru, in recognition of devotion, honoured Roop Chand with the title of “Bhai” (own brother) and put him in charge of the spiritual welfare of the new [[Malwa (Punjab)|Malwa]] and the country south of [[Sutlej]]. With his own hands, the Guru put Bhai Roop Chand on the ''masand'' and put on his forehead the ''tilak'', saffron mark of leadership of the area, and gave ''karchha'' (a long spoon) asking him to run ''[[langar]]'' to feed the poor and the needy. This ''karchha'' is still kept with veneration.
Ala Singh, son of Rama, another Sikh, attacked Bathinda when it was in possession of Sardar Jodh Singh Saboke and conquered a large area around the city.
Ala Singh, who died in August 1765 at [[Patiala]], was succeeded by [[Amar Singh]], his grandson. In 1770, Amar Singh sent a large force to capture the fort of Bathinda from Sukhchen Singh Sabo. The fort was reacquired in 1771. Raja Amar Singh died in 1781 at the age of 35.
After the death of Amar Singh, Raja Sahib Singh, who was six, was made the Chief of [[Patiala]]; however, the affairs of the state were managed by Diwan Nanun Mal. Raja Sahib Singh died on [[March 26]] [[1813]] and was succeeded by his son Karam Singh.
During the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] of 1845–46, Maharaja Karam Singh of [[Patiala]] fought on the side of the [[United Kingdom|British]]. He died during the war, but his son and successor Maharaja Narinder Singh also helped the British government. Narinder Singh was succeeded by Rajinder Singh, Bhupinder Singh, and finally, in 1938, Yadavindera Singh.
With the formation of the [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]] (PEPSU) on [[May 5]], [[1948]], Bathinda District came into existence on [[August 20]] [[1948]]. Its headquarters was originally at [[Faridkot]], but relocated to Bathinda in 1953.
After 1953, many changes were made to Bathinda District's geographical boundaries. [[Muktsar]] and [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]] districts were separated from Bathinda.
=== Qila Mubarak ===
{{main|Qila Mubarak}}
The 1900 year old fort in Bathinda is a Historical National Monument. A brief history:
[[Image:Bathinda fort.jpg|thumb|Qila Mubarak: The fort at Bathinda|230px|right|View from inside [[Qila Mubarak]], June 2003; ''(photo: G. S. Bhalla)'']]
{| class="wikitable"
|+ History of Qila Mubarak<!-- if required -->
! Year
! Event
|-
| 90-110 AD
| Emperor [[Kanishka]] and Raja Dab built it.
|-
| 179 AD
| Bathinda town was established by [[Rao Bhatti|Bhatti Rao]].
|-
| 1004 AD
| Sultan [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] captured it.
|-
| 1045 AD
| Pir Haji Rattan settled here for meditation.
|-
| 1189 AD
| Sultan [[Mohammed Ghori]] captured it.
|-
| 1191 AD
| Raja [[Prithvi Raj Chauhan]] recaptured it.
|-
| 1240 AD
| [[Razia Sultan]] prisoned here.
|-
| 1515 AD
| [[Guru Nanak Dev]] visited this place.
|-
| 1665 AD
| [[Guru Teg Bahadur]] visited this place.
|-
| 1705 AD
| [[Guru Gobind Singh]] visited this place.
|-
| 1754 AD
| Maharaja Ala Singh captured it.
|-
| 1835 AD
| Maharaja Karam Singh built a [[Gurdwara]] here.
|-
| 2005 AD
| Begin fort repairs sponsored by Akal Society of America.<ref>NRI offers help to save Qila Mubarak. http://www.punjabheritage.org/architectural-heritage/nri-offers-help-to-save-national-monument.html</ref>
|}
==Geography and climate==
Bathinda is also famous for having one of the biggest military chhaunis (cantonments) in Asia. [[Rampura Phul]], [[Goniana]], [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]], [[Talwandi Sabo]], [[Bhucho Mandi]], [[Nathana]], [[Tungwali]] [[and]] [[Gubalgard]] are all small towns near Bathinda. Bathinda is about 1-2 hours distance from [[Sangrur]], [[Dhuri]], [[Kotkapura]], [[Faridkot]]. [[Ludhiana]] and [[Patiala]] are about 3 hours from Bathinda. [[Chandigarh]] is about 4 hours from Bathinda.
There are direct trains that run from [[Delhi]] to Bathinda via [[Patiala]], [[Ambala]],[[Hisar]] and [[Rohtak]], [[Jind]] route. The journey takes approximately six hours.
Areas worth visiting are The Mall, Dhobi Bazar,Mega Mart(under construction),Rose Garden, [[Model Town]], [[Fort at Bathinda]], known as '[[Qila Mubarak]]', Gurudwara Shri Hazi Rattan, the three [[lakes]] near the [[thermal power station|thermal plant]], and others.
Summer temperatures can be as high as 50°C (122°F), and winter temperatures as low as 0°C (32°F). The weather is generally dry, but is very humid from mid-May to the end of August. Rainfall is primarily from the south-west due to [[monsoon]] weather, and is concentrated in the period July to mid-September.
==Economy==
Bathinda is the largest [[railway junction]]s of India, and more lines extend from it than any junction on the [[Indian Railway]] network. [[Sharjah]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], located in Bathinda, is the largest military [[Cantonment]]s of [[Asia]]; its name refers to local [[sand dunes]]. Bathinda itself is located on the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain|Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains]]. Bathinda also houses two Thermal Plants: Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant in Bathinda City and Guru Hargobind Thermal Plant in Lehra Mohabbat. Bathinda is home to the [[Guru Gobind Singh]] [[oil refinery|Oil Refinery]], which is currently under construction, and a National Fertilizers Plant. Major developments are planned & announced starting from 2007 till 2010.As part of a massive development programme to make Bathinda a model city of Punjab, the government will set up a [[special economic zone]] (SEZ) for [[textile]], flying school, [[cricket]] stadium and academy, domestic [[airport]] and an air-conditioned bus stand within three years. The cricket stadium and academy would be set up by the [[BCCI]] on 25 [[acres]]<ref>http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070707/punjab1.htm</ref>. Technocity, First [[animation]] and [[Multimedia Studio Theatre|multimedia studio]] of Punjab, providing [[2D|2d]] and [[3D|3d]] animation services in India and Abroad, is also situated in Bathinda<ref>http://www.technocityindia.com/</ref>.
Bathinda has a thermal power plant named as Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant(GNDTP) after the first [[Sikh]] guru. It is located near the rose garden within in the interiors of Bathinda.
There is another 230[[Watt|MW]] power plant located 18 [[Kilometre|km]] away in Lehra Mohabbat. Bathinda is also one of the biggest railways junction in [[Asia]].
Real estate in Bathinda is more expensive just like it is in the rest of Punjab and [[India]] in general. International players like Zoom Developers are very keen on developing properties in Bhatinda. The group has recently acquired 12.5 Acres of primely located land in Bhatinda and will be developing 600 state of art residential units along with a [[Shopping mall|Shopping Mall]] cum [[Multiplex]]. The group is also keen on developing a [[5 star rank|5 Star]] hotel in the city. All major [[National bank|national]] and [[Regional Bank & Thrift|regional banks]] operate in Bathinda. These include:<ref>http://www.pcdapension.nic.in/oldsite/pda/punjab.htm</ref>
*[[State Bank of Patiala]]
*[[State Bank of India]]
*[[ICICI Bank]]
*[[HDFC Bank]]
*[[Bank of India]]
*[[Punjab National Bank]]
*[[Indian Overseas Bank]]
*[[Central Bank of India]]
*[[Oriental Bank of Commerce]]
*[[UCO Bank]]
*Punjab & Sindh Bank
*Agriculture Development Branch of S.B.I.
*Regional Business Office of S.B.I. at Bhagu Road, etc.
==Government==
Bathinda has a '[[Municipal Corporation]]'<ref>http://www.mcbathinda.org/</ref> setup of administration. City was upgraded from “A” Class [[Municipal council]] to Municipal Corporation on 10th April [[2003]]. It is a [[Lok Sabha]] constituency of India and [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency of Punjab State.
==Demographics==
As of the [[2001]], India [[census]]<ref>{{GR|India}}</ref>, Bathinda had a population of 217,389. Males constitute 54% of the population and females, 46%. Bathinda has an average [[literacy rate]] of 70% (57% male and 43% female), higher than the national average of 59.5%; 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
==Education==
Government Rajindra College is located in the heart of the city. The college offers [[graduate]] courses in [[science]], [[commerce]], and [[humanities]].City also have Punjab Technical University, [[Giani Zail Singh College Of Engineering & Technology]] Bathinda, and [[Bathinda Engineering College]]. shri guru harkrishan public school,Saint Joseph's Convent School, Saint Xavier's Senior Secondary School and MSD Senior Secondary Public School are located in Bathinda.It also have private [[medical college]] called the Adesh Institute of Medical Research; and Baba Shiri Chand Ji Government College in Sardargarh (Bathinda),[[Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab)|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] Khalsa Technology College, D.A.V. collage.<ref>http://www.universitypunjabi.org/pages/affiliatedcolle.html#4</ref> and others.
== References ==
<div class="references-small">
<references/>
</div>
== External links ==
* Google satellite map of Bathinda [http://www.maplandia.com/india/punjab/bathinda/bhatinda]
* Official website of Bathinda district [http://www.bathinda.nic.in/]
* City of Bathinda - Google Explorer [http://explorer.altopix.com/map/faoqnr/1/2/City_of_Bathinda.htm?order=date]
[[Category:Railway stations in Punjab (India)]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Punjab (India)]]
[[Category:Bathinda]]
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[[new:बथिंदा]]
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