|
कई ऐसे शब्द होते हैं जिनके एक से अधिक अर्थ होते हैं। ऐसे शब्दों से सम्बंधित विषयों पर अलग-अलग लेख बनाए जाते हैं। जब मिलते-जुलते नाम के एक से अधिक लेख होते हैं, तो ऐसा होने की संभावना होती है कि पाठक एक के बजाए दूसरे लेख पर पहुँच जाए। ऐसे में पाठकों को शब्द से सम्बंधित विषयों के विकल्प बताने की आवश्यकता होती है ताकि पाठक मनचाहा लेख आसानी से ढूँढ सकें। ये विकल्प बताने के तीन तरीके होते हैं:
{{अनुवाद}}
* यदि शब्द या वाक्यांश से सम्बंधित कुछ ही लेख हों, और उनमें से एक बाकियों से काफ़ी अधिक प्रचलित हो, तो फिर मुख्य नाम पर प्रचलित विषय का लेख डाला जाता है और तीनों लेखों की शुरुआत में दूसरे दो लेखों की कड़ियाँ प्रदान की जाती हैं ताकि पाठक दूसरे विषय का लेख आसानी से ढूँढ सकें।
<noinclude>{{pp-semi-indef}}{{pp-move-indef}}</noinclude>
** उदाहरण: [[रुपया]] लेख में ऊपर-ऊपर [[भारतीय रुपया]] लेख की कड़ी दी गई है।
{{redirect|WP:D|विकिपीडिया मे मिटाने की जानकारी|Wikipedia:Deletion policy}}
* यदि शब्द या वाक्यांश से सम्बंधित विषयों की संख्या अधिक हो, और उनमें से एक बाकियों से काफ़ी अधिक प्रचलित हो, तो फिर मुख्य नाम पर प्रचलित विषय का लेख डाला जाता है और एक बहुविकल्पी पृष्ठ बनाया जाता है जिसका नाम <code>मुख्य लेख का नाम (बहुविकल्पी)</code> रखा जाता है। यहाँ ( और नाम के अंत में एक स्पेस रखा जाता है।
{{subcat guideline|editing guideline|Disambiguation|WP:D|WP:DAB|WP:DISAMBIG}}
** उदाहरण: [[नील]] कपड़ों पर लगाए जाने वाले पदार्थ के बारे में है, और अन्य विषयों के लिये [[नील (बहुविकल्पी)]] है।
{{nutshell|यह लिंक और बहुविकल्पी पृष्ठों को उपलब्ध कराने के लिए आवश्यक है इतना है कि एक से अधिक विकिपीडिया विषय के लिए एक हद तक संभावना विषय नाम में टाइप पाठकों जल्दी से लेख वे चाहते हैं के लिए नेविगेट कर सकते हैं।}}
* यदि शब्द या वाक्यांश से सम्बंधित कई विषय हों और उनमें से कोई भी अन्य विषयों से बहुत अधिक प्रचलित ना हो, तो ऐसे में मुख्य लेख को एक बहुविकल्पी पृष्ठ बनाया जाता है, और सभी लेखों के नाम के आगे एक स्पेस देकर ब्रैकेट में कोई उपयुक्त प्रत्यय जोड़ा जाता है या फिर विषय के पूरे नाम का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
** उदाहरण 1: [[उज़बेक]] एक बहुविकल्पी पृष्ठ है जो सम्बंधित विषयों के लेखों की सूची प्रदान करता है, इसमें [[उज़बेकिस्तान]], [[उज़बेक लोग]] और [[उज़बेक भाषा]] लेखों की कड़ियाँ हैं। चूँकि इन लेखों के विषय के पूरे नाम अलग-अलग हैं, अतः आगे कोई प्रत्यय नहीं लगाए गए हैं।
** उदाहरण 2: [[मूँगा]] एक बहुविकल्पी पृष्ठ है जिसमें [[मूँगा (जीव)]], [[मूँगा (ज़ेवर)]] और [[मूँगा (रंग)]] की कड़ियाँ दी गई हैं। चूँकि तीनों लेखों के विषय का मूल नाम मूँगा ही है, अतः तीनों के नामों में एक स्पेस देकर उपयुक्त प्रत्यय जोड़ा गया है।
== यह भी देखें ==
* [[:श्रेणी:बहुविकल्पी शब्द]]: इस श्रेणी में सभी बहुविकल्पी पृष्ठ हैं
विकिपीडिया में जब एक ही शब्द है अस्पष्ट जब यह एक से अधिक विषय विकिपीडिया के लेख के द्वारा कवर करने के लिए संदर्भित करता है को हल करने की प्रक्रिया है। उदाहरण के लिए, शब्द "बुध" एक तत्व है, एक ग्रह, एक रोमन देवता, और कई अन्य चीजों के लिए उल्लेख कर सकते हैं। बहुविकल्पी के लिए तीन महत्वपूर्ण पहलू हैं :-
*इस तरह से है कि प्रत्येक एक अद्वितीय शीर्षक में लेख के नामकरण. उदाहरण के लिए, लेख के तीन विषयों आमतौर पर "पारा" शीर्षक हैं "Mercury" are titled [[Mercury (element)]], [[Mercury (planet)]] and [[Mercury (mythology)]].
*Making the [[Help:Link|links]] for ambiguous terms point to the correct article title. For example, an editor of an astronomy article may have created a link to <nowiki>[[Mercury]]</nowiki>, and this should be corrected to point to [[Mercury (planet)]].
*Ensuring that a reader who searches for a topic using a particular term can get to the information on that topic quickly and easily, whichever of the possible topics it might be. For example, the page [[Mercury (disambiguation)|Mercury]] is a ''disambiguation page''—a non-article page which lists the various meanings of "Mercury" and links to the articles which cover them. (As discussed below, however, ambiguous terms do ''not always'' require a disambiguation page.)
This page discusses the standard ways of handling the above issues. For detailed advice about the format of disambiguation pages, see the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (disambiguation pages)|style manual]].
<br />
==निर्णय लेना==
जब भी, किसी दिए गए शब्द या वाक्यांश है जिस पर एक पाठक खोज सकता है के लिए, वहाँ एक से अधिक मौजूदा विकिपीडिया लेख जो कि शब्द या वाक्यांश के लिए नेतृत्व करने के लिए उम्मीद की जा सकती है। इस स्थिति में वहाँ पाठक जल्दी से पृष्ठ है कि पहले अन्य संभव वांछित लेख के किसी भी प्रकट होता है से नेविगेट करने के लिए एक तरीका होना चाहिए।
यहाँ तीन प्रमुख बहुविकल्पी परिदृश्यों, जिनमें से निम्न उदाहरण हैं:
* The page at '''[[Joker (disambiguation)|Joker]]''' is a ''disambiguation page'', leading to all the alternative uses of "Joker".
* The page at '''[[Rice]]''' is about one usage, called the ''primary topic'', and there is a [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|hatnote]] guiding readers to '''[[Rice (disambiguation)]]''' to find the other uses.
* The page at '''[[Michael Dobbs]]''' is about the primary topic, and there is only one other use. The other use is linked directly using a hatnote; no disambiguation page is needed.
कैसे तय करने के लिए जो इन स्थितियों के एक भी मामले में उपयुक्त है, निम्नलिखित दो वर्गों देखें।
===व्यापक अवधारणा लेख===
{{shortcut|WP:CONCEPTDAB|WP:DABCONCEPT}}
यदि'' एक बहुविकल्पी के लिए प्रस्तावित अवधि के प्राथमिक अर्थ'' एक व्यापक या बात यह है कि एक लेख में वर्णित किया जा रहा में सक्षम है की अवधारणा प्रकार है, और लिंक का एक बड़ा हिस्सा करने के लिए अस्पष्ट हो माँगे उदाहरणों या उस अवधारणा का उदाहरणया प्रकार, तो पृष्ठ कि शीर्षक में स्थित एक व्यापक अवधारणा का वर्णन लेख हो, और नहीं होना चाहिए एक बहुविकल्पी पृष्ठ के। जहां एक कार्यकाल के प्राथमिक विषय एक सामान्य विषय है।
उदाहरण के लिए:
*[[Particle]] (previously a disambiguation page) is a broad and abstract concept used to address many different ideas in physics, generally relating to small units from which larger things are composed. Although there are many different kinds of particles at levels ranging from the subatomic to the macroscopic, the broad concept is properly susceptible to explanation in an article. Other meanings, such as [[Particle (band)]], are presented at [[Particle (disambiguation)]].
*A [[Supreme court]], [[National Trust]], or [[Finance minister]] is each a kind of entity occurring in multiple countries and possibly in other political entities, and serving the same purpose in each. Rather than having disambiguation pages at these titles linking to existing articles on these entities by nation, each should contain an article describing in general terms what the concept is, and how the different examples of this concept relate to each other.
*[[Football]] may refer to one of a number of team sports which all involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with the foot. Although the word "football" can apply to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears, all of these variations share some common elements and can be traced to a common origin. Thus, the history and development of the general concept of football can be explained in its own article.
* Many definitions of [[triangle center]] are used in Euclidean geometry, which do not coincide but for equilateral triangles. The article lists a dozen of these, and also gives a validity criterion applicable to various definitions of "center".
In writing articles on these subjects, it is useful to directly address the scope of the term, and the history of how the concept has developed. Each of the examples of the concept or type of thing should be included at some point in the article, possibly in a list, so that no information is lost from what would have been presented in the disambiguation page format. Consider using [[WP:SUMMARY|summary style]] to incorporate information about the subtopics into the main article.
Pages needing to be expanded to describe the concept may be tagged with {{tlx|dabconcept}}.
==<span id="प्राथमिक विषय" /> एक प्राथमिक विषय है?==
{{shortcut|WP:PRIMARYTOPIC|WP:PRIMARYUSAGE|WP:PRIME}}
Although a word, name or phrase may refer to more than one topic, it is sometimes the case that one of these topics is the '''primary topic'''. If a primary topic exists, then that term should be the title of the article on that topic (or should redirect to an article on that topic that uses a different, more appropriate title). If there is no primary topic, the term should be the title of a disambiguation page (or should redirect to a disambiguation page where more than one term is disambiguated on one page). The primary topic might be a [[#Broad-concept articles|broad-concept article]] as mentioned above.
There is no single criterion for defining a primary topic. However, there are two major aspects that are commonly discussed in connection with primary topics:
<onlyinclude>{{#ifeq:{{{transcludesection|primarytopic}}}|primarytopic|
:A topic is '''primary''' for a term, with respect to '''usage''', if it is highly likely—much more likely than any other topic, and more likely than all the other topics combined—to be the topic sought when a reader searches for that term.
:A topic is '''primary''' for a term, with respect to '''long-term significance''', if it has substantially greater enduring notability and educational value than any other topic associated with that term.
}}</onlyinclude><p>
In many cases, a topic that is primary with respect to usage is also primary with respect to long-term significance. In many other cases, only one sense of primacy is relevant. In a few cases, there is some conflict between a topic of ''primary usage'' and one of ''primary long-term significance''. In such a case, [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]] determines which article, if either, is the primary topic.
=== एक प्राथमिक विषय निर्धारण ===
There are no absolute rules for determining whether a primary topic exists and what it is; decisions are made by discussion among editors, often as a result of a [[Wikipedia:Requested moves|requested move]]. Tools that ''may'' help to support the determination of a primary topic in a discussion (but are not considered absolute determining factors) include:
* Incoming wikilinks from [[Special:WhatLinksHere]]
* Wikipedia [http://stats.grok.se/ article traffic statistics]
* [[Google]] web, news, scholar, or book [http://www.google.com/ searches] (NOTE: adding '''&pws=0''' to the Google search string eliminates [[Google Personalized Search|personal search]] bias)
=== Redirecting to a primary topic ===
The title of the primary topic article may be different from the ambiguous term. This may happen when the topic is primary for more than one term, when the article covers a wider topical scope, or when it is titled differently according to the [[Wikipedia:Article titles|naming conventions]]. When this is the case, the term should [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]] to the article (or a section of it). The fact that an article has a different title is not a factor in determining whether a topic is primary. For example:
*The primary topic for "Danzig" is the former German city of that name, but the article on that city is titled [[Gdańsk]]. Therefore [[Danzig]] redirects to [[Gdańsk]], and the latter page contains a {{tl|redirect}} hatnote linking to [[Danzig (disambiguation)]].
*The primary topic for the search term "Einstein" is the physicist, but the article title is [[Albert Einstein]]. Here [[Einstein]] redirects to [[Albert Einstein]], and a hatnote then links to [[Einstein (disambiguation)]].
*The article at [[Defamation]] is the primary topic for five terms: "[[defamation]]", "[[libel]]", "[[slander]]", "[[vilification]]", and "[[calumny]]". Even though there is a British film with the title ''Libel'', the article at [[Defamation]] is still the primary topic for that title and the film must be disambiguated.
Sometimes, a disambiguated article title, such as [[Apostrophe (punctuation)]], may be moved to an unqualified title based on a consensus that this is the primary topic for the unqualified term. When such a page move is made, the redirect template {{tl|R from unnecessary disambiguation}} can be used to categorize the redirect that results from the move
under [[:Category:Redirects from unnecessary disambiguation]]. Using the above example, [[Apostrophe (punctuation)]] would redirect as follows (where [[Apostrophe]]'s topic is primary):
:<code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[Apostrophe]] {{R from unnecessary disambiguation}}</nowiki></code>
==Disambiguation page or hatnotes?==
{{Shortcut|WP:TWODABS}}
{{Hatnote|For more about hatnotes, see ''[[#Hatnotes|Hatnotes]]'' below.}}
{{Hatnote|For rules about naming disambiguation pages and combining similar terms on a single page, see ''[[#Disambiguation pages|Disambiguation pages]]''.}}
As discussed above, if an ambiguous term is considered to have no primary topic, then that term should lead to a disambiguation page. However, ''if there is a primary topic'', then the question arises whether to create a disambiguation page, or merely to link to all the other meanings from a hatnote on the primary topic article.
If there are only two topics to which a given title might refer, and one is the primary topic, then a disambiguation page is not needed—it is sufficient to use a hatnote on the primary topic article, pointing to the other article. (This means that readers looking for the second topic are spared the extra navigational step of going through the disambiguation page.) If there are two or three other topics, it is still possible to use a hatnote which lists the other topics explicitly, but if this would require too much text (roughly, if the hatnote would extend well over one line on a standard page), then it is better to create a disambiguation page and refer only to that.
If a disambiguation page is needed, but one of the other topics is of particular interest, then it may be appropriate to link to it explicitly ''as well'' as linking to the disambiguation page. For example, [[Inflation]] is about the primary topic—a rise in prices—and a hatnote links to [[Inflation (cosmology)]] as well as [[Inflation (disambiguation)]].
==Naming the specific topic articles==
{{naming conventions}}
{{Shortcut|WP:NCDAB}}
For disambiguating specific topic pages by using an unambiguous article title, several options are available:
#When there is another term or more complete name (such as [[Heavy metal music]] instead of [[Heavy metal (disambiguation)|Heavy metal]]) that is equally clear and is unambiguous, that may be used.
#A disambiguating word or phrase can be added in parentheses. The word or phrase in parentheses should be:
#*the generic ''class'' (avoiding [[proper nouns]], as much as possible) that includes the topic, as in [[Mercury (element)]], [[Seal (mammal)]]; or
#*the ''subject'' or ''context'' to which the topic applies, as in [[Union (set theory)]], [[Inflation (economics)]].
#Rarely, an adjective describing the topic can be used, but it is usually better to rephrase such a title to avoid parentheses.
#With place-names, if the disambiguating term is a higher-level administrative division, it is often separated using a comma instead of parentheses, as in [[Windsor, Berkshire]]. See [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)|Naming conventions (geographic names)]].
If there are several possible choices for disambiguating with a class or context, use the same disambiguating phrase already commonly used for other topics within the same class and context, if any. Otherwise, choose whichever is simpler. For example, use "(mythology)" rather than "(mythological figure)".
If there is a choice between using a short phrase and word with context, such as [[Mathematical analysis]] and [[Analysis (mathematics)]], there is no hard rule about which is preferred. Both may be created, with one redirecting to the other.
Naming conventions applicable to certain subject areas are listed in the box to the right; these often contain detailed guidance about how to disambiguate. In particular, for articles about people, see the [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (people)#Disambiguating|Disambiguating]] section in the [[WP:NCP|people naming convention]].
===Format===
To conform to the [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions|naming conventions]], the phrase in parentheses should be treated just as any other word in a title: normally lowercase, unless it is a proper noun (like a book title) that would appear capitalized even in running text.
For common disambiguation words, see [[User:Jarry1250/Findings]].
=={{anchor|Disambiguation links}} Hatnotes==
{{shortcut|WP:DLINKS|WP:DABLINK|WP:DABLINKS}}
{{main|Wikipedia:Hatnote}}
{{For|a complete listing of disambiguation hatnote templates|Wikipedia:Template messages/General#Disambiguation and redirection}}
{{see also|WP:INTDABLINK}}
Users searching for what turns out to be an ambiguous term may not reach the article they expected. Therefore any article with an ambiguous title should contain helpful links to alternative Wikipedia articles or disambiguation pages, placed at the top of the article using one or more of the templates shown below.
Disambiguation hatnotes are not article content—they are associated with the title, rather than any article topic content.
Most hatnote templates generate links automatically, so double square brackets are not normally used within the templates. In some cases there are multiple templates available, one including and another omitting information about the topic of the article. The shorter hatnote may be chosen if omitting the information is not likely to confuse the reader.
'''On a primary topic page for a term that has one secondary topic only (no disambiguation page):'''
*Type {{tlx|about|TOPIC|TOPIC 2|ARTICLE (2)}} to produce:
{{about|TOPIC|TOPIC 2|ARTICLE (2)}}
*Type {{tlx|for|TOPIC 2|ARTICLE (2)}} to produce:
{{for|TOPIC 2|ARTICLE (2)}}
*Type {{tlx|see also|ARTICLE (2)}} to produce:
{{see also|ARTICLE (2)}}
'''On a secondary topic page for a term that has one other topic only (no disambiguation page):'''
*As above, but consider whether the hatnote is really necessary (see the first of the [[#Usage guidelines|usage guidelines]] below).
'''On a primary topic page that has an associated disambiguation page:'''
*Type {{tlx|about|TOPIC}} to produce:
{{about|TOPIC||ARTICLE NAME (disambiguation)}}
*Type {{tlx|otheruses}} to produce:
{{otheruses|ARTICLE NAME (disambiguation)}}
*or, if the disambiguation page is not in the default location, type {{tlx|otheruses|NAME}} to produce:
{{otheruses|NAME}}
'''When the primary topic redirects to another page:'''
*If there is only one secondary topic, type {{tlx|redirect|REDIRECT|TOPIC 2|ARTICLE (2)}} on the target page to produce:
{{redirect|REDIRECT|TOPIC 2|ARTICLE (2)}}
*If there is a disambiguation page, type {{tlx|redirect|REDIRECT}} to produce:
{{redirect|REDIRECT}}
Other variations on these templates are available, including templates for specific subjects such as places, numbers, etc. Templates are listed and illustrated at [[Template talk:About]] and [[Wikipedia:Otheruses templates (example usage)]]. A longer list of disambiguation templates is found at [[Wikipedia:Template messages/General#Disambiguation and redirection]]; further style information is given at [[Wikipedia:Hatnotes#Templates]]. Many more templates are listed in [[:Category:Disambiguation and redirection templates]].
===Usage guidelines===
* There is no need to add disambiguation links to a page whose name already clearly distinguishes itself from the generic term. For example, [[Solaris (1972 film)]] is clearly about one specific movie and not about any of the many other meanings of "Solaris". It is very unlikely that someone arriving there from within Wikipedia would have been looking for any other "Solaris", so it is unnecessary to add a link pointing to the [[Solaris (disambiguation)|Solaris]] disambiguation page. However, it would be perfectly appropriate to add a link to [[Solaris (novel)]] (but not, say, [[Solaris (operating system)]]) to its "See also" section.
* As noted above, disambiguation links should be placed at the top of an article, where they are most visible. For alternatives that are related to the article but are not a source of ambiguity, the "See also" [[Help:Section|section]] at the end of the article is more appropriate.
* Do not use [[Wikipedia:Piped link|piping]] to change the title of disambiguation entry links. Showing the actual linked entry title avoids confusion. (Piping may be used for formatting or technical reasons; see the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (disambiguation pages)#Where piping may be appropriate|Manual of Style exceptions]].)
* Consolidate multiple disambiguation links into as few dablink hatnotes as possible.
* See [[Wikipedia:Hatnote]] for other guidelines on the proper use of disambiguation links.
==Disambiguation pages==
{{shortcut|WP:DPAGES}}
===Combining terms on disambiguation pages===
A single disambiguation page may be used to disambiguate a number of similar terms. Sets of terms which are commonly so combined include:
*Terms which differ only in capitalization, punctuation and diacritic marks. For example, the terms ''Oe'', ''Ōe'', ''OE'' and ''O.E.'' are disambiguated on a single page ([[Oe (disambiguation)|Oe]]).
*Corresponding singular, plural and possessive forms, or compound words. For example, the terms ''Eaglenest'', ''Eagle Nest'', ''Eagle's Nest'' and ''Eagle Nests'' all appear at [[Eagle's Nest (disambiguation)|Eagle's Nest]].
*Variant spellings. For example, ''Honor'' and ''Honour'' both appear at [[Honor (disambiguation)]].
*Variant forms of names. For example, [[Fred Smith (disambiguation)|Fred Smith]] also includes persons named ''Frederick Smith''.
*Terms which differ by the presence or absence of an [[article (grammar)|article]] (i.e., "a", "an", or "the" in English). For example, [[Cure (disambiguation)]] also contains instances of ''The Cure''.
Editorial judgement should be used in deciding whether to combine terms in the ways described above. If a combined disambiguation page would be inconveniently long, it may be better to split the different spellings into separate pages.{{Under discussion-inline|Splitting disambiguation pages is delicate}}
When a combined disambiguation page is used, redirects to it (or hatnotes, as appropriate) should be set up from all the terms involved.
===<span id="NAME" /> Naming the disambiguation page ===
{{shortcut|WP:DABNAME}}
{{See also|WP:Article titles}}
The title of a disambiguation page is the ambiguous term itself, provided there is no primary topic for that term. If there is a primary topic, then the tag "(disambiguation)" is added to the name of the disambiguation page, as in [[Jupiter (disambiguation)]].
When a disambiguation page combines several similar terms, one of them must be selected as the title for the page (with the "(disambiguation)" tag added if a primary topic exists for that term); the choice should be made in line with the following principles:
*A word is preferred to an abbreviation, for example [[Arm (disambiguation)]] over [[ARM]].
*When no word can be formed, all capitals is preferred. For example, the disambiguation page for "ddb" is [[DDB (disambiguation)]], not "Ddb".
*English spelling is preferred to that of non-English languages.
*Singulars are preferred to plurals.
*The simplest form of the term is preferred to those containing punctuation, [[diacritic]]s and articles; for example [[SA (disambiguation)|SA]] is preferred to [[S.A. (disambiguation)|S.A.]], and [[Shadow (disambiguation)]] is preferred to ''The Shadow (disambiguation)''.
*The spelling that reflects the majority of items on the page is preferred to less common alternatives.
In addition, when a disambiguation page exists at the ambiguous term, there should also be a redirect to it from the "(disambiguation)" title; in other words, if "Term ABC" is a disambiguation page, a redirect from "Term ABC (disambiguation)" should be created if it does not already exist. This type of redirect is used to indicate any intentional links to the disambiguation page, to distinguish them from accidental or erroneous incoming links that should be disambiguated to the appropriate article.
===Page style===
{{shortcut|WP:DABSTYLE}}
{{main|Wikipedia:Manual of Style (disambiguation pages)}}
Each disambiguation page comprises a list (or multiple lists, for multiple senses of the term in question) of similarly titled links.
*Link to the primary topic (if there is one):
::A '''[[school]]''' is an institution for learning.
*Start each list with a short introductory sentence fragment with the title in '''bold''', and ending with a colon. For example:
::'''Blockbuster''' may refer to:
*Try to start each entry in the list with a link to the target page.
*Each bulleted entry should, in almost every case, have exactly one navigable (blue) link; including more than one link can confuse the reader.
*Do not [[Wikipedia:Piped link|pipe]] the name of the links to the articles being listed. (See [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (disambiguation pages)#Piping and redirects|exceptions]].)
*Entries are sentence fragments; do not end them with periods or other punctuation.
Include the template {{tl|disambig}} (or other disambiguation template, such as {{tl|Geodis}} or {{tl|Hndis}}) at the bottom as an indicator of the page's status. For more information, see the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (disambiguation pages)#The disambig notice and categorization|relevant style guide section]].
For prime examples of disambiguation pages, see "[[Lift]]" and "[[Aurora]]".
===What not to include===
{{shortcut|WP:DABNOT}}
====Dictionary definitions====
A disambiguation page is not a list of dictionary definitions. A short description of the common general meaning of a word can be appropriate for helping the reader determine context. Otherwise, there are templates for linking the reader to [[Wiktionary]], the wiki dictionary; see [[Template:Wiktionary]].
====<span id="Lists" />Partial title matches====
{{shortcut|WP:PTM}}
A disambiguation page is not a search index. Do not add a link that merely contains part of the page title, or a link that includes the page title in a longer proper name, where there is no significant risk of confusion. For example, [[Baltimore Zoo]] is not included at [[Zoo (disambiguation)]] because people outside [[Baltimore]] would not readily identify it as ''the'' "Zoo", and including all zoos in the world in the disambiguation page is impractical. Add a link only if the article's subject (or the relevant subtopic thereof) could plausibly be referred to by essentially the ''same'' name as the disambiguated term in a sufficiently generic context. For instance, the [[Mississippi River]] article could not feasibly be titled [[Mississippi]], but it is included at [[Mississippi (disambiguation)]] because its subject is often called "the Mississippi".
====Related subjects, abbreviations and acronyms====
{{Shortcut|WP:DABABBREV|WP:DABACRONYM}}
Do not include articles unless the term being disambiguated is actually described in the target article. (For example, the [[Canton (disambiguation)|Canton]] disambiguation page legitimately has an entry for [[Flag terminology]].)
Do not add articles to abbreviation or acronym disambiguation pages unless the target article defines the acronym or abbreviation. If an abbreviation is [[Wikipedia:Notability|notable]] and [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiable]], but not mentioned on the target article, consider adding it to the target article and then adding the entry to the disambiguation page.
====Sister projects====
Disambiguation descriptions should not be created for subjects whose only articles are on pages of sister projects, even if the disambiguation page already exists.
====References====
Do not include references in disambiguation pages; disambiguation pages are not articles. Incorporate references into the disambiguated articles as needed.
====External links====
Never include external links, either as entries or in descriptions. Disambiguation pages disambiguate Wikipedia articles, not the World Wide Web. To note URLs that might be helpful in the future, include them on the talk page.
===Preparation===
Before constructing a new disambiguation page, determine a [[#Naming the specific topic articles|specific topic]] name for all existing pages, and the [[#Page naming conventions|name for the disambiguation page]]. [[Help:Moving a page|Move]] any page with a conflicting title (i.e., the same exact title) to its more specific name. Use the [[Help:What links here|What links here]] list for the moved page to update pages that [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation#Links to disambiguated topics|link to that page]].
===Construction===
If an article has been moved to make way for the disambiguation page, use the <u>What links here</u> list of the moved page to access the redirect page created by the move, and replace that redirect page with the new disambiguation page.
Use the new disambiguation page to find and replace (see [[Table of keyboard shortcuts#Text editing]]) any existing [[#Disambiguation links|disambiguation links]] in existing pages with a link to the new disambiguation page.
Note that the standard link templates will actually point to a ''[[Term XYZ (disambiguation)]]'' version of the new name.
Use the [[Wikipedia:Red link|red-link]] on an existing page to create a [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]] page marked with the {{tl|R to disambiguation page}} template.
For example, ''[[Term XYZ (disambiguation)]]'' could be redirected to the new disambiguation page ''[[Term XYZ]]'' as follows:
:<code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[Term XYZ]] {{R to disambiguation page}}</nowiki></code>
==Set index articles==<!--[[Wikipedia:Multi-stub]] redirects here-->
{{Shortcut|WP:SETINDEX|WP:SIA|WP:NOTDAB}}
A set index article is a list article about a set of items ''of a specific type'' that share the same (or similar) name. For example, [[Dodge Charger]] describes a set of cars, [[List of peaks named Signal Mountain]] describes a set of mountain peaks, and {{USS|Enterprise}} describes a set of ships.
'''A set index article is not a disambiguation page''': A disambiguation page is a list of ''different types'' of things that share the same (or similar) name. A set index need not follow the formatting rules for disambiguation pages; however many do by convention. A set index article is meant for information as well as navigation: just like a normal list article, it can have metadata and extra information about each entry. It may contain redlinks to help editors create articles on notable entries.
Fundamentally, a set index article is a type of list article. The criteria for creating, adding to, or deleting a set index article should be the same as for a [[Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists|stand-alone list]]. The style of a set index article should follow the style guidelines at [[Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists]]. A set index article can be tagged with {{tl|SIA}}.
Sometimes there will be a disambiguation page and a set index article for the same term. If the disambiguation page carries the name of the term (as with [[Signal Mountain (disambiguation)|Signal Mountain]]), then the set index article should be named "List of XXXs named YYY" (as in [[List of peaks named Signal Mountain]]). Alternatively, if the set index article is considered the [[#Is there a primary topic?|primary topic]], it may be named with just the term itself, the disambiguation page being called "YYY (disambiguation)".
For more information about set index articles for ships, see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Ships/Guidelines#Index pages]].
==Links==
===Double disambiguation===
{{shortcut|WP:DDAB}}
A double disambiguation is a link to a disambiguation page from another disambiguation page. This kind of disambiguation is typically more specific than one with a simplified name. This kind of disambiguation is relatively rare on Wikipedia.
:For example, [[Montgomery (disambiguation)|Montgomery]] is a disambiguation page that includes a link to [[Montgomery County (disambiguation)|Montgomery County]], a secondary disambiguation page. Because the intended target page is also a disambiguation page, the link is to "[[Montgomery County (disambiguation)]]" rather than directly to "Montgomery County", so the page will not show up as an error needing to be fixed. See [[WP:INTDABLINK]] for further information on creating intentional links to disambiguation pages.
===Incomplete disambiguation===
{{shortcut|WP:INCDAB|WP:INCOMPDAB}}
When a more specific title is still ambiguous, but not enough so to call for double disambiguation, it should [[Wikipedia:Redirect|redirect]] back to the main disambiguation page (or a section of it). This aids navigation, and helps editors to avoid creating new articles under the ambiguous title by accident.
Such redirects should be marked with {{tl|R from incomplete disambiguation}} (which places them under [[:Category:Redirects from incomplete disambiguations]]). For example, [[Aurora (album)|''Aurora'' (album)]] could redirect as follows (where [[Aurora]] is a disambiguation page):
:<code><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[Aurora#Music]]{{R from incomplete disambiguation}}</nowiki></code>
In some cases, information may be more appropriate as a list than a disambiguation. For example, [[Cleveland (NFL)]] should not be a disambiguation page, but should instead redirect to [[List of Cleveland sports teams#Football]].
===Interlanguage links===
Pure disambiguation pages should contain interlanguage links only where a similar problem of disambiguation exists in the target language; that is, they should refer to another disambiguation page, not to one of the many meanings from the list.
===Links to disambiguated topics===
{{shortcut|WP:FIXDABLINKS}}
'''A code of honor for creating disambiguation pages is to fix all resulting mis-directed links.'''
''Before'' moving an article to a qualified name (in order to create a disambiguation page at the base name, to move an existing disambiguation page to that name, or to redirect that name to a disambiguation page), click on <u>What links here</u> to find all of the incoming links. Repair all of those incoming links to use the new article name.
When repairing a link, use [[Wikipedia:Piped link|pipe syntax]] so that the link does not show the new qualifier. For example, when renaming ''Topic Name'' to ''Topic Name (qualifier)'', <nowiki>[[Topic Name (qualifier)|Topic Name]]</nowiki> will render as ''Topic Name'' just like the original.
A shorter alternative is to use empty pipe syntax, also known as the [[Help:Pipe trick|pipe trick]]. This allows editors to leave out the piped alternative when editing. For example, typing "<nowiki>[[Topic Name (qualifier)|]]</nowiki>" will automatically produce "<nowiki>[[Topic Name (qualifier)|Topic Name]]</nowiki>". Read [[Help:Pipe trick]] for more information.
[[Wikipedia:Disambiguation pages with links|Ambiguous links]] are periodically checked and repaired, but even if some ambiguous links remain, one of the primary reasons for making a disambiguation page is so that following such links will still be useful to the reader.
There is a tool to facilitate ambiguous link repair in the [[SourceForge:projects/pywikipediabot/|Python Wikipedia Robot]]. The [[Wikipedia:bot|bot]] offers to update links to choices listed on the disambiguation page. Do not forget to seek approval on the [[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval]] page if doing extensive or fast runs.
===Links to disambiguation pages===
{{shortcut|WP:INTDABLINK|WP:INTDAB}}<!-- This paragraph is linked as a shortcut and thus from summaries of edits that it justifies -->With few exceptions, creating links to disambiguation pages is erroneous. Links should instead point to a relevant article. The purpose of a disambiguation page is to give a user who has typed an ambiguous term into the ''search box'' a list of articles that are likely to be what he or she is looking for. Disambiguation pages are not articles and so should not be tagged as orphans per the [[Wikipedia:Orphan#Criteria|Orphan criteria]].
; When to link to a disambiguation page
The exceptions, when an intentional link to a disambiguation page is appropriate, are:
* Disambiguation hatnotes: [[Watergate]] redirects to [[Watergate scandal]], which carries a [[Wikipedia:Hatnote|hatnote]] linking to [[Watergate (disambiguation)]] for other uses.
*<!-- This bullet point is linked as a shortcut and thus from summaries of edits that it justifies -->Links from one disambiguation page to another for further disambiguation: [[British]] has a link to [[Britain (disambiguation)]] for further disambiguation.{{shortcut|WP:FURTHERDAB}}<span id="FurtherDab"/>
* Certain pages that contain lists of words or names: [[Britten (surname)]] contains a link to [[Britain (disambiguation)]].
* Where the context of an article indicates that it is discussing the ambiguity of the term itself: for example, the article [[HAL 9000]] describes a scene where a character observes that the word "Phoenix" has many meanings, and links to the disambiguation page to provide those meanings. A link to [[Wiktionary]] might also suffice to provide those meanings.
* In a redirect page ([[#REDIRECT|below]])
{{shortcut|WP:HOWTODAB}}
; How to link to a disambiguation page {{anchor|HOWTODAB}}
To link to a disambiguation page (rather than to a page whose topic is a specific meaning), link to the title that includes the text "(disambiguation)", ''even if that is a redirect''—for example, link to the redirect [[America (disambiguation)]] rather than the target page at "America". (If the redirect does not yet exist, create it and tag it with {{tl|R to disambiguation page}}.) This helps distinguish accidental links to the disambiguation page from intentional ones. (For use in [[WP:Navbox|navboxes]], see the {{tl|D'}} template.) There is nothing wrong with linking to a redirect instead of linking directly to the disambiguation page; [[Wikipedia:redirects are cheap|redirects are cheap]] and are basically transparent to the reader.
; Redirects to disambiguation pages {{anchor|REDIRECT}}
Valid causes for redirecting to a disambiguation page include:
* Redirects from misspellings: [[Britian]] redirects to the "Britain" disambiguation page.
* Redirects from alternative spellings if separate disambiguation pages are not warranted: [[Türk]] redirects to the "Turk" disambiguation page.
* Redirects from variations in capitalisation, word separation, or punctuation, if separate disambiguation pages are not warranted: [[Bullet Proof]] redirects to "Bulletproof (disambiguation)".
The rule about linking through a "(disambiguation)" redirect does not apply to ''redirects'' to disambiguation pages: do not create a double redirect, but make a redirect to the disambiguation page directly (thus [[Ann Hathaway]], a redirect from an alternative name, redirects to the disambiguation page and does not go through the redirect [[Anne Hathaway (disambiguation)]]).
See [[:Category:Redirects to disambiguation pages]].
==See also==
{{Wikipedia glossary}}
* [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (disambiguation pages)]]
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation]]
** [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation pages with links]]
* [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts]]
* [[Help:Disambiguation]]
* [[MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage]]
== बाहरी कड़ियाँ ==
== External links ==
* [[tools:~dispenser/view/Dablinks|Dablinks]], aएक [[m:Toolserver|Toolserverटूल्सर्वर]] [[Wikipedia:Tools|tool]]टूल जो किसी पृष्ठ में मौजूद बहुविकल्पी पृष्ठों को thatकड़ियों listsकी ambiguousसूची internalदेता linksहै
{{Wikipedia policies and guidelines}}
[[श्रेणी:विकिपीडिया सहायता]]
[[Category:Wikipedia disambiguation| ]]
[[Category:Wikipedia article title help]]
[[af:Wikipedia:Dubbelsinnigheid]]
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