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सन् १७६७ में वहां के राजाओं ने ब्रिटेन अधिराज्य के विरुद्ध लडाईं करने के लिये गोरखा राज्य से सहायता मागे| कप्तान किन्-लोक् के नेतृत्व में २५०० सेना विना तैयारी लडाईं के लिये भेजे गए| चढाई विपत्ति जनक हुई, ब्रिटिश की कमजोर सेनाको गोरखा सेना ने आसानी से जीत लिया। काठमाण्डु उपत्यका के इस विजय के बाद सम्पूर्ण क्षेत्र के लिये गोरखा शासन ने अन्य क्षेत्रों के लिये विस्फोटक शुरुवात किया। सन् १७७३ मा गोरखा सेना ने पूर्वी नेपाल पर कब्जा किया और सन् १७८८ में सिक्किम के पश्चिमी भाग में अधिकार जमाया| पश्चिम के तरफ महाकाली नदी तक सन् १७९० में लिया। इस के बाद सुदूर पश्चिम कुमाउ क्षेत्र और इसकी राजधानी अलमोरा समेत गोरखा राज्य में मिलाया गया|
{{अनुवाद}}
The Shah era of Nepal began with the invasion of Kathmandu valley, which consisted of the capitals of Malla confederacy that ruled Nepal during the medieval era of Nepal.
In 1767, a request to the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] for help by the Nepalese Malla confederacy under threat from Gorkha invasion resulted in an ill-equipped and ill-prepared expedition numbering 2,500 led by Captain Kinloch. The expedition was a disaster; the Gorkha army easily overpowered those who had not succumbed to malaria or desertion. This ineffectual British force provided the Gorkhas with firearms and filled them with suspicion, causing some to underestimate their future opponents.
The invasion of Nepal resulted with Gorkha kingdom being renamed as Nepal and the shift of the capital of the kingdom from Gorkha to Kathmandu. Also, the invasion of economically sound medieval Nepal provided the Gurkha army economic support for furthering their martial practices throughout the region. The martial campaign in eastern region was largely a failure. After a number of defeats by the [[Limbuwan]] army, the Gurkha army finally made peace treaty with Limbuwan and incorporated the Limbuwan states into Nepal under a mutual pact. In the west, all rulers as far as the [[Kali River]] had submitted or been replaced by 1790. Farther west still, the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] region and its capital [[Almora]] had also succumbed to the Gorkhas.
<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[File:Amar Singh Thapa.JPG|thumb|left|General [[Amar Singh Thapa]] was initially reluctant to go to war with the British. However, after Kalanga fell, he insisted "The present. . . is not a time for treaty and conciliation."]] -->
To the north however, aggressive raids into [[Tibet]] (concerning a long-standing dispute over trade and control of the mountain passes) forced the Chinese emperor in [[Peking]] to act. In 1792 he sent a huge army, expelling the Nepalese from Tibet to within 5 km of their capital at Kathmandu. Acting regent Bahadur Shah, (Prithvi Naryan’s son), appealed to the British [[Governor-General]] of India, [[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|Francis Rawdon-Hastings, Lord Moira]] for help. Anxious to avoid confrontation with the Chinese, Lord Moira sent Captain Kirkpatrick as mediator, but before he arrived the war with China had finished. The Nepalese were forced into signing a humiliating treaty revoking their trading privileges in Tibet and requiring them to pay tribute to Peking every 5 years.
The Tibet affair had postponed a previously planned attack on the [[Garhwal Kingdom]], but by 1803 Raja of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]] Pradyuman Shah had also been defeated. He was killed in the struggle in January 1804, and all his land annexed. Further west, general [[Amar Singh Thapa]] overran lands as far as the [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] – the strongest fort in the hill region – and laid siege to it (although by 1809, [[Ranjit Singh]] the ruler of the [[Sikh]] state in the [[Punjab region|Punjab]], had intervened and driven the Nepalese army east of the [[Sutlej]] river).
The British were also expanding their sphere of influence. The recent acquisition of the [[Nawab of Awadh]]'s lands by the British East India Company brought the region of [[Gorakhpur]] into the close proximity of the raja of [[Palpa]] – the last remaining independent town within the Gorkha heartlands. Suspicion of the raja’s collusion with the British led first to his imprisonment by the Gorkhas, then to his assassination. [[Bhimsen Thapa]], Nepalese Prime Minister from 1806 to 1837, installed his own father as governor of Palpa, leading to serious border disputes between the two powers.
These disputes arose because there was no fixed boundary separating the Gorkhas and the British. A border commission imposed on Nepal by the Governor-General failed to solve the problem. Gorkha raids into the flatlands of the [[Terai]], a much prized strip of fertile ground separating the Nepalese hill country from India, increased tensions – the British felt their power in the region and their tenuous lines of communication between [[Calcutta]] and the northwest were under threat. Since there was no clear border, confrontation between the powers was inevitable.
== लडाई ==
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