"दार्जिलिंग": अवतरणों में अंतर
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Dinesh smita (वार्ता | योगदान) No edit summary |
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पंक्ति 1:
{{Infobox Indian Jurisdiction
| नगर का नाम =
| प्रकार = नगर
| latd = 27.03
| longd = 88.16
| प्रदेश = पश्चिम बंगाल
| जिला = [[
| शासक पद = सभापति
| शासक का नाम = [[सुभाष घिशिंग]]
पंक्ति 24:
}}
'''
| publisher=Neptune Tours & Travels | url=http://www.exploreindiatours.com/eastern-himalayas.htm | title=Eastern Himalayas DARJEELING : The Queen of Hills | accessdate=2006-05-01
}}</ref> भारत मै [[बेलायती शासन]] के दौरान
|url = http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun172005/living1150492005616.asp |title = Champagne among teas |work = Deccan Herald |publisher = The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. |date = 17 June 2005 |accessdate =2006-07-18 }}</ref>
== परिचय ==
पंक्ति 104:
=== ट्वॉय ट्रेन ===
[[चित्र:Agony point 1921.jpg|right|thumb|300px|१९२१ मै
इस अनोखे ट्रेन का निर्माण 19वीं शताब्दी के उतरार्द्ध में हुआ था। डार्जिलिंग हिमालयन रेलमार्ग, इंजीनियरिंग का एक आश्चर्यजनक नमूना है। यह रेलमार्ग 70 किलोमीटर लंबा है। यह पूरा रेलखण्ड समुद्र तल से 7546 फीट ऊंचाई पर स्थित है। इस रेलखण्ड के निर्माण में इंजीनियरों को काफी मेहनत करनी पड़ी थी। यह रेलखण्ड कई टेढ़े-मेढ़े रास्तों तथा वृताकार मार्गो से होकर गुजरता है। लेकिन इस रेलखण्ड का सबसे सुंदर भाग बताशिया लूप है। इस जगह रेलखण्ड आठ अंक के आकार में हो जाती है।
पंक्ति 133:
== इतिहास ==
{{main|
| last =Khawas | first =Vimal | year =2003 | url = http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/khawv03e.htm | title = Urban Management in Darjeeling Himalaya: A Case Study of Darjeeling Municipality. | publisher = The Mountain Forum | accessdate = 2006-05-01 }} Now available in the [[Internet Archive]] in this [http://web.archive.org/web/20041020031749/http://www.mtnforum.org/resources/library/khawv03e.htm URL] (accessed on [[7 June]] [[2006]])</ref> with settlement consisting of a few villages of [[Lepcha]] woodspeople.<ref name=darjteabbc>{{cite web
| url = http://212.58.224.36/dna/ww2/A4056284 | title = Darjeeling Tea | accessdate = 2006-08-17 | date = 2005-05-12 | publisher = [[h2g2]], BBC }}</ref> १८२८ मे एक बेलायती इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी की अफ़सरौं की टुकडी ने सिक्किम जाते समय
| publisher=Darjeelingpolice | url=http://edujini.net/darjeelingpolice/d_history.html | title= The History of Darjeeling — The Queen of Hills | accessdate=2006-04-30
}}</ref><ref name=darjnet>{{cite web
पंक्ति 143:
१८४१ मै बेलायतीऔं ने यहां एक प्रायोगिक चाय कृषि कार्यक्रम की संचालन किया। इस प्रयोग के सफ़लता के कारण यहां १९वी शताब्दी के दुसरी भाग मै इस सहर मै चाय बगान लगने लगे। <ref name=teahistory1>{{cite web
| publisher=Darjeelingnews| url=http://www.darjeelingnews.net/darjeeling_tea.html | title= Darjeeling Tea History | accessdate=2006-05-02
}}</ref>
| publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/944 | title=Mountain Railways of India | accessdate=2006-04-30
}}</ref> १८९८ मै
| author =| publisher=Baron Courts of Prestoungrange & Dolphinstoun| url=http://www.prestoungrange.org/core-files/archive/university_press/18_prideofpanners/pages%2038-44.pdf| title=A Pride of Panners| pages= 43 | format= [[PDF|PDF Format]] | accessdate=2006-04-30
}}</ref><ref name=disaster2>{{Harv|Lee|1971}}</ref>
बेलायती साशन के अधीन मै
| url = http://www.mcrg.ac.in/civilsocietydialogue3.htm | title = Autonomy for Darjeeling: History and Practice | accessdate = 2006-08-13 | last = Chakraborty |first = Subhas Ranjan
| year = 2003 | work = Experiences on Autonomy in East and North East: A Report on the Third Civil Society Dialogue on Human Rights and Peace (By Sanjoy Borbara) | publisher = Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group}}</ref>) — लेकिन [[१९०५ के बंगाल की बिभाजन]] के बाद से यह [[राजशाही]] विभाग के अन्तर्गत मे सम्मिलित हो गया। <ref name=exploredarjeeling1>{{cite web
पंक्ति 171:
== भूगोल ==
[[चित्र:Tiger_Hill.JPG#filelinks|thumb|right|250px|कंचनजंघा और
| publisher=zubin.com | url=http://www.zubin.com/darjeeling/general.htm | title=GeneralInformation| accessdate=2006-04-30
}}</ref>। यह जगह [[
<!--
Darjeeling is the main town of the [[Darjeeling Sadar|Sadar]] subdivision and also the headquarters of the district.
पंक्ति 193:
-->
== मौसम ==
<!--
Summers (lasting from May to June) are mild, with maximum temperatures rarely crossing 25 °[[Celsius|C]] (77 °[[Fahrenheit|F]]). The monsoon season from June to September is characterised by intense torrential rains often causing [[landslide]]s that block Darjeeling's land access to the rest of the country. In winter temperature averages 5–7 °C (41–44 °F). Occasionally the temperatures drop below [[Melting point|freezing]]; snowfalls are rare. During the monsoon and winter seasons, Darjeeling is often shrouded in [[mist]] and [[fog]]. The annual mean temperature is 12 °C (53 °F); monthly mean temperatures range from 5–17 °C (41–62 °F).<ref name=weatherbase>{{cite web
पंक्ति 204:
== नागरिक प्रशासन ==
| author=Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/FrameTable4_1.htm | title=Table-4 Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Density and General Sex Ratio by Residence and Sex, West Bengal/ District/ Sub District, 1991 and 2001|year=2003 |accessdate=2006-04-30
}}</ref> १८५० मे स्थापित
{{cite web
| author=Darjeeling Police | url=http://edujini.net/darjeelingpolice/org_spo.html| title=List of Senior Police Officers, Darjeeling Police|year=2004 |accessdate=2006-05-04
पंक्ति 221:
-->
== अर्थतन्त्र ==
[[चित्र:Darjeeling Tea Plantation, India.jpg|thumb|250px|right|
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1456988.stm|title=Darjeeling tea growers at risk|publisher=BBC News|date=27 July 2001|accessdate=2006-05-08}}</ref> Widespread concerns about labour disputes, worker layoffs and closing of estates have affected investment and production.<ref name=teaproblems>{{cite news|first= Daniel B|last=Haber|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=21909|title=Economy-India: Famed Darjeeling Tea Growers Eye Tourism for Survival|publisher=Inter Press Service News Agency|date= 14 January 2004|accessdate=2006-05-08}}</ref> Several tea estates are being run on a workers' [[cooperative]] model, while others are being planned for conversion into tourist resorts.<ref name=teaproblems/> More than 60% of workers in the tea gardens are women. The remuneration of workers are often half in cash and half in other benefits like accommodation, subsidised rations, free medical benefits etc.<ref name=teafacts>{{cite news
|url=http://www.darjeelingnews.net/tea_facts.html |title=Darjeeling Tea Facts |publisher=Darjeelingmews.net |accessdate=2006-05-08 }}</ref>
पंक्ति 231:
-->
== यातायात ==
[[चित्र:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.jpg|thumb|right|250px|"टोय ट्रेन"
{{main|
<!--
Regular bus services and hired vehicles connect Darjeeling with [[Siliguri]] and the neighbouring towns of [[Kurseong]], [[Kalimpong]] and [[Gangtok]]. [[Four wheel drive]]s, including [[Land Rover]]s, are the most popular means of transport, as they can easily navigate the steep slopes in the region. However, road and rail communications often get disrupted in the monsoons due to landslides. The nearest airport is in [[Bagdogra]] near Siliguri, located at an approximate distance of 93 km (58 miles) from Darjeeling. [[Indian Airlines]], [[Jet Airways]] and [[Air Deccan]] are the three major carriers that connect the area to [[Delhi]], Kolkata and [[Guwahati]]. The closest major railway station is in [[New Jalpaiguri]], which is connected with almost all major cities of the country. Within the town, people usually traverse by walking. Residents also use [[bicycle]], [[motorcycle|two-wheelers]] and hired taxis for travelling short distances.
पंक्ति 250:
== शिक्षा ==
| url = http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/British/HillStations.html
| title = "Hill Stations: Pinnacles of the Raj." Review article on Dale Kennedy, The Magic Mountains : Hill Stations and the British Raj
पंक्ति 257:
| first = Vinay
| publisher =UCLA Social Sciences Computing
}}</ref> विद्यालय जैसे की [[सेन्ट जोसेफ़ कलेज]] , [[लोरेटो कन्भेन्ट]],[[सेन्ट पलज् स्कूल]] और [[माउन्ट हर्मन स्कूल]] दक्षिण एसिया के बहुत स्थानौं से विद्यार्थीऔं को आकर्षित करते है। बहुत विद्यालय (कुछ सौ साल से भी पुराने) अभी भी बेलायती और कोलोनियल सम्पदाको जीवित कर रहे है।
== टिप्पणी ==
|