"सती प्रथा": अवतरणों में अंतर

छो Reverted 1 edit by 171.49.178.76 (talk) identified as vandalism to last revision by 117.226.242.180. (TW)
टैग: Non Hindi Contributions
पंक्ति 3:
इस प्रथा को इसका यह नाम देवी सती के नाम से मिला है जिन्हें [[दक्षायनी]] के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। हिन्दु धार्मिक ग्रंथों के अनुसार देवी सती ने अपने पिता दक्ष द्वारा अपने पति महादेव [[शिव]] के तिरस्कार से व्यथित हो यज्ञ की अग्नि में कूदकर आत्मदाह कर लिया था। सती शब्द को अक्सर अकेले या फिर सावित्री शब्द के साथ जोड़कर किसी "पवित्र महिला" की व्याख्या करने के लिए प्रयुक्त किया जाता है।
 
History[edit]
== इतिहास ==
=== प्रादुर्भाव ===
 
Origin[edit]
===मुग़ल काल===
Few reliable records exist of the practice before the time of the Gupta empire, approximately 400 CE. After about this time, instances of sati began to be marked by inscribed memorial stones. The earliest of these are found in Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, though the largest collections date from several centuries later, and are found in Rajasthan. These stones, called devli, or sati-stones, became shrines to the dead woman, who was treated as an object of reverence and worship. They are most common in western India.[7] A description of suttee appears in a Greek account of the Punjab written in the first century BCE by historian Diodorus Siculus.[6] Brahmins were forbidden from the practice by the Padma Purana. A chapter dated to around the 10th century indicates that, while considered a noble act when committed by a Kshatriya woman, anyone caught assisting an upper-caste Brahmin in self-immolation as a "sati" was guilty of Brahminicide.[6]
=== ब्रिटिश औपनिवेशिक काल ===
The ritual has prehistoric roots, and many parallels from other cultures are known. Compare for example the ship burial of the Rus' described by Ibn Fadlan, where a female slave is burned with her master.[8]
Aristobulus of Cassandreia, a Greek historian who traveled to India with the expedition of Alexander the Great, recorded the practice of sati at the city of Taxila. A later instance of voluntary co-cremation appears in an account of an Indian soldier in the army of Eumenes of Cardia, whose two wives jumped on his funeral pyre, in 316 BC. The Greeks believed that the practice had been instituted to discourage wives from poisoning their old husbands.[9]
Voluntary death at funerals has been described in northern India before the Gupta empire. The original practices were called anumarana, and were uncommon. Anumarana was not comparable to later understandings of sati, since the practices were not restricted to widows – rather, anyone, male or female, with personal loyalty to the deceased could commit suicide at a loved one's funeral. These included the deceased's relatives, servants, followers, or friends. Sometimes these deaths stemmed from vows of loyalty,[7] and bear a slight resemblance to the later tradition of junshi in Japan.[10]
 
 
Description of the Balinese rite of self-sacrifice or Suttee, in Houtman's 1597 Verhael vande Reyse ... Naer Oost Indien
It is theorized that sati, enforced widowhood, and girl marriage were customs that were primarily intended to solve the problem of surplus women and surplus men in a caste and to maintain its endogamy.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]
Apart from the Indian subcontinent, origins of this practice have been found in many parts of the world; it was followed by the ancient Egyptians, Thracians, Scythians, Scandinavians, Chinese, as well as people of Oceania and Africa.[21]
 
== सन्दर्भ ==