"लेबर पार्टी (यूके)": अवतरणों में अंतर

→‎शुरुवात और उत्थान: अनुवाद किया।
पंक्ति 160:
१९२१ से १९२३ के दौरान ''कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी ऑफ ग्रेट ब्रिटेन'' को लेबर पार्टी के साथ किसी भी तरह के समझौते से वंचित रखा गया।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/redclyde/redcly140.htm |title=Red Clydeside: The Communist Party and the Labour government [booklet cover&#93; / Communist Party of Great Britain, 1924 |publisher=ग्लासगो डिजिटल पुस्तकालय|accessdate=२२ जुलाई २०१५}}</ref> इस दौरान लिबरल पार्टी तेजी से क्षीण होती रही, इसमें टूट पड़ गई और इसके समर्थकों की एक बड़ी संख्या लेबर पार्टी से जुड़ती चली गई। लिबरलों के कमजोर होने के बाद लेबर पार्टी ने १९२२ के आम चुनावों में संसद की १४२ सीटें जीतीं और इस तरह से ''हाउस ऑफ कॉमन्स'' में कंज़र्वेटिव पार्टी के बाद दूसरे सबसे बड़े दल के रूप में उभरी। चुनावों के बाद रामसे मैक्डोनाल्ड लेबर संसदीय दल के पहले आधिकारिक नेता चुने गए।
 
===Firstपहली Labourलेबर governmentसरकार, 1924===
 
{{Main|First MacDonald ministry}}
लेबर दल सांसदों की संख्या के आधार पर सदन में दूसरी बडी पार्टी थी। कंज़र्वेटिव जो कि उनसे ज्यादा थे पूर्ण बहुमत नहीं पा सके थे और एस्क्विथ के नेतृत्व वाले लिबरल सांसदों के समर्थन की बदौलत सिर्फ १९१ सांसद होने के बावजूद १९२४ में लेबर पार्टी की पहली सरकार बनी और रामसे मैक्डोनाल्ड प्रधानमंत्री बने।
[[Image:Ramsay MacDonald ggbain.29588.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ramsayरामसे MacDonaldमैक्डोनाल्ड]]: Firstलेबर Labourदल Primeसे Ministerपहले प्रधानमंत्री, 1924 andऔर 1929–31]]
The [[United Kingdom general election, 1923|1923 general election]] was fought on the Conservatives' [[protectionist]] proposals but, although they got the most votes and remained the largest party, they lost their majority in parliament, necessitating the formation of a government supporting [[free trade]]. Thus, with the acquiescence of Asquith's Liberals, [[Ramsay MacDonald]] became the first ever Labour Prime Minister in January 1924, forming the first Labour government, despite Labour only having 191 MPs (less than a third of the House of Commons).
Because the government had to rely on the support of the Liberals it was unable to get any socialist legislation passed by the House of Commons. The only significant measure was the [[Wheatley Housing Act]], which began a building programme of 500,000 homes for rental to working-class families. Legislation on education, unemployment and social insurance were also passed.
चूंकि सरकार लिबरलों के समर्थन के भरोसे थी इसलिए सदन में कोई भी समाजवादी प्रस्ताव पारित होना मुश्किल था। इस सरकार की एक ही उल्लेखनीय उपलब्धि ''व्हीटली हाउसिंग एक्ट'' थी जिसमें मजदूर वर्ग के लोगों के परिवारों के रहने के लिए ५ लाख घरों का निर्माण होना था। साथ ही शिक्षा, बेरोजगारी और सामाजिक बीमा से संबंधित प्रस्ताव भी पारित हुए।
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While there were no major labour strikes during his term, MacDonald acted swiftly to end those that did erupt. When the Labour Party executive criticized the government, he replied that, "public doles, Poplarism [local defiance of the national government], strikes for increased wages, limitation of output, not only are not Socialism, but may mislead the spirit and policy of the Socialist movement."<ref>Taylor, ''English History: 1914–1945'', p 213-4</ref>
The government collapsed after only nine months when the Liberals voted for a Select Committee inquiry into the [[Patrick Hastings#Campbell Case|Campbell Case]], a vote which MacDonald had declared to be a vote of confidence. The ensuing [[United Kingdom general election, 1924|1924 general election]] saw the publication, four days before polling day, of the [[Zinoviev letter]], in which Moscow talked about a Communist revolution in Britain. The letter had little impact on the Labour vote—which held up. It was the collapse of the Liberal party that led to the Conservative landslide. The Conservatives were returned to power although Labour increased its vote from 30.7% to a third of the popular vote, most Conservative gains being at the expense of the Liberals. However many Labourites for years blamed their defeat on foul play (the Zinoviev Letter), thereby according to [[A. J. P. Taylor]] misunderstanding the political forces at work and delaying needed reforms in the party.<ref>A. J. P. Taylor, ''English History: 1914–1945'' (1965), pp 219–20, 226–7</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Charles Loch Mowat|title=Britain Between the Wars, 1918–1940|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lNgOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA188|year=1955|publisher=Taylor & Francis|pages=188–94}}</ref>
In opposition MacDonald continued his policy of presenting the Labour Party as a moderate force. During the [[United Kingdom General Strike of 1926|General Strike of 1926]] the party opposed the general strike, arguing that the best way to achieve social reforms was through the ballot box. The leaders were also fearful of Communist influence orchestrated from Moscow.<ref>Martin Pugh, ''Speak for Britain!: A New History of the Labour Party'' (2011) ch 8</ref> -->
 
===Second Labour government, 1929–31===
[[Image:Oldlabour2.png|thumb|upright|The original "Liberty" logo, in use until 1983]]