|
|native_name = Labour Party
|name = लेबर पार्टी
|logo = [[File:Logo Labour Party.svg|250px|alt=Redसफेद onअक्षरों whiteमें wordलाल "Labour"रंग inमें sans-serifलिखा fontहुआ to"Labour", theसैंस rightसेरिफ़ ofफ़ॉट whiteमें, onसफेद redपर silhouetteलाल ofरंगों aमें rose.गुलाब|Labourलेबर दल का logo.लोगो]]
|leader = [[हैरिएट हर्मन]] [[सांसद]] (कार्यकारी)<!--When a leader resigns when the party is in opposition the Deputy leader becomes the acting, interim leader concurrently; the position is not vacant-->
|leader1_title = उप नेता
===कार्यकारी समिति===
९ मार्च २०१२ को लेबर दल ने अपने नए एंव वर्तमान प्रबंधक दल की घोषणा की।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.labour.org.uk/labour-party-announces-new-senior-team,2012-03-09 |title=Labour Party announces new senior team|trans_title=लेबर पार्टी ने नई वरिष्ठ टीम की घोषणा की।|publisher=Labour.org.uk |date=9 मार्च 2012 |accessdate=31 मई 2013}}</ref>
*समिति के अध्यक्ष: चार्ल्स एलेन, केनसिंगटन के बैरोन एलेन<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/blog/2012/mar/15/davidcameron-edmiliband | location=London | work=द गार्ज़ियन| first=हरून| last=सिद्दीकी | title=Politics live blog: Thursday 15 March | date=15 मार्च 2012}}</ref>
''एलार्सी'' के लिये तब समर्थन ज्यादा बना जब १९०१ में हडतालियों और रेलवे कंपनी के बीच हुए [[टैफ़ वेल विवाद]] के बाद उस मजदूर संघ को २३००० पाउंड हर्ज़ाना भरने का आदेश दिया गया। यह न्यायिक आदेश मजदूरों के हितों के सर्वथा खिलाफ था क्यूंकि इसके बाद कम्पनियाँ हणताल के दौरान हुए व्यापारिक नुकसान की भरपाई मजदूरों की तनख्वाह से कर सकती थी। इसके बाद उस समय की आर्थर बालफोर की [[ब्रिटिश कंज़र्वेटिव पार्टी|कंज़र्वेटिव पार्टी]] की औद्मोगिक और व्यापार समर्थक नीतियों और मजदूरों के हितों की तरफ ध्यान ना देने की वजह से लेबर पार्टी को समर्थन और बढता गया।<ref name="A History Of The British Labour Party"/>
[[Image:LabourPartyPlaque.jpg|thumb|left|14 फैरिंगडन मार्ग, कैरून हाउस सेमें लेबर दल का बैज़, 14 फैरिंगडन मार्गबिल्ला]]
इसके बाद १९०६ के आम चुनावों में एलार्सी ने २९ सीटें जीती। ऐसा रामसे मैक्डोनाल्ड और लिबरल दल के बीच हुए एक [[लिब-लैब समझौता|छुपे हुए समझौते]] की बदौलत हो सका जो की चुनाव में मजदूरों के वोटों को लिबरल और लेबर के बीच में बटने ना देने की रणनीति के तहत किया गया था।<ref name="A History Of The British Labour Party"/>
===दूसरी लेबर सरकार, 1929–31===
<!-- [[Image:Oldlabour2.png|thumb|upright|वास्तविक "Liberty" लोगो, १९८३ तक उपयोग में था।]] -->
संयुक्त राजशाही में हुए १९२९ के दूसरे आम चुनावों में लेबर पार्टी हाउस ऑफ कॉमन्स के लिए २८७ सीटों और ३७.१% मतों के साथ पहली बार सबसे बडी पार्टी के तौर पर चुनी गई। हालांकि इसके बाद भी मैक्डोनाल्ड को अल्पमत की अपनी सरकार चलाने के लिए लिबरलों के समर्थन की जरूरत थी। मैक्डोनाल्ड ने इस बार ब्रिटेन की पहली महिला कैबिनेट मंत्री के रूप में [[मार्ग्रेट बॉन्डफील्ड]] को नियुक्त किया। इन्हें श्रम मंत्री के रूप में चुना गया।
===विपक्ष में, 1970–74===
१९७० के आम चुनाव हारने के बाद लेबर एक बार फिर विपक्ष में पहुंच गई। हैरॉल्ड विल्सन उसके नेता बने रहे। हीथ की सरकार उत्तरी आयरलैंड और १९७३ में खदान मजदूरों के साथ एक मामले में उलझ गई। सत्तर का दशक कंज़र्वेटिवों और लेबर सरकारों दोनों के लिए ही मुश्किलों भरा रहा। १९७३ के तेल की कमी की वजह से बहुत ज्यादा महंगाई बढ गई थी और वैश्विक बेरोजगारी छा गयी थी। अल्स्टर यूनियनिस्ट्स के समर्थन से विलसन के नेतृत्व में लेबर सरकार १९७४ में एक बार फिर सत्ता में वापस लौटी। १९२४ के बाद से यह पहला आम चुनाव था जिसमें दोनों मुख्य पार्टियों ने ४०% से कम मत हासिल किये थे। इसके बाद से लेबर पार्टी के बुरे दिन शुरु हो गये थे और वो लगातार छ: बार ४०% से कम मत हासिल करती रही।
===Return to government, 1974–79===
{{Main|Labour Government 1974–79}}
==="असंतोष के वर्ष", 1979–97===
For much of its time in office the Labour government struggled with serious economic problems and a precarious majority in the Commons, while the party's internal dissent over Britain's membership of the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC), which Britain had entered under Edward Heath in 1972, led in 1975 to a [[United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum, 1975|national referendum]] on the issue in which two thirds of the public supported continued membership.
१९७४ से ७९ तक लेबर सरकार आर्थिक संकटों से जूझती रही। १९७९ के चुनावों में इसकी हार के बाद लेबर पार्टी में अदंरूनी कलह बहुत बढ गई। इसमें दो फाड हो गये, लेफ्ट विंग यानि टोनी बेन के प्रतिनिधित्व वाले गुट और डेनिस हेली के प्रतिनिधित्व वाले दक्षिणपंथी गुट में तकरार बढती ही चली गई। १९८० में माइकल फूट के नेता बनने पर और उनके वाम पंथी नीतियों के विरोध की वजह से पार्टी के शीर्ष चार नेता और पूर्व कैबिनेट मंत्री डेविड ओवेन, रॉय जेन्किन्स, विलियम रोज़र्स और शर्ले विलियम्स ने लेबर पार्टी से इस्तीफा दे कर १९८१ में ''सोशल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी'' बना ली। पार्टी के उपनेता के चुनाव में बेन हेली से कुछ मतों से हार गए। १९८२ में राष्ट्रीय कार्यकारिणी ने पार्टी के अंदर ही बन रही पार्टियों और अलग विचारधारा के लोगों के पार्टी में घुसकर नुकसान पहुंचाने की संभावना व्यक्त की।
१९८३ के आम चुनावों में लेबर पार्टी की बुरी तरह हार हुई। वह कुल मतों का सिर्फ २७.६% ही जीत पाई। १९१८ के बाद से यह उसका सबसे खराब प्रदर्शन था। [[मार्ग्रेट थैचर]] के नेतृत्व वाले कंज़र्वेटिव दल ने ३९७ सीटें जीतकर उसे बुरी तरह हराया था। लेबर दल को एक नवनिर्मित दल "एसडीपी-लिबरल गठबंधन" से थोडे ही ज्यादा मत मिले थे।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/9/newsid_2500000/2500847.stm |title=1983: Thatcher wins landslide victory |publisher=बीबीसी समाचार|date=9 जून 1983 |accessdate=२७ जुलाई २०१५}}</ref>
Harold Wilson's personal popularity remained reasonably high but he unexpectedly resigned as Prime Minister in 1976 citing health reasons, and was replaced by [[James Callaghan]]. The Wilson and Callaghan governments of the 1970s tried to control inflation (which reached 23.7% in 1975<ref name="SeldonHickson2004">{{cite book|author1=Anthony Seldon|author2=Kevin Hickson|title=New Labour, old Labour: the Wilson and Callaghan governments, 1974–79|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Gmy8wS1bBZwC&pg=PA64|accessdate=29 October 2010|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415312813|pages=64–}}</ref>) by a policy of [[incomes policy|wage restraint]]. This was fairly successful, reducing inflation to 7.4% by 1978.<ref name="A History Of The British Labour Party"/><ref name="SeldonHickson2004"/> However it led to increasingly strained relations between the government and the trade unions.
[[Image:James Callaghan.JPG|thumb|left|upright|[[James Callaghan]]: Labour Prime Minister, 1976–79]]
Fear of advances by the nationalist parties, particularly in Scotland, led to the suppression of a [[McCrone report|report from Scottish Office economist Gavin McCrone]] that suggested that an independent Scotland would be 'chronically in surplus'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snpyouth.org/ysi/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=24 |title=Young Scots For Independence – Revealed: True oil wealth hidden to stop independence |publisher=SNP Youth|date=12 September 2005 |accessdate=13 April 2010}}{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref> By 1977 by-election losses and defections to the breakaway [[Scottish Labour Party (1976)|Scottish Labour Party]] left Callaghan heading a minority government, forced to trade with smaller parties in order to govern. An arrangement negotiated in 1977 with [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] leader [[David Steel]], known as the [[Lib-Lab Pact]], ended after one year. Deals were then forged with various small parties including the [[Scottish National Party]] and the Welsh nationalist [[Plaid Cymru]], prolonging the life of the government.
[[File:Kinnock, Neil.jpg|thumb|upright|बाएँ |[[नील किन्नॉक]] विपक्ष में पार्टी के नेता, 1983–92.]]
The nationalist parties, in turn, demanded [[devolution]] to their respective constituent countries in return for their supporting the government. When referendums for Scottish and Welsh devolution were held in March 1979 [[Welsh devolution referendum, 1979|Welsh devolution]] was rejected outright while the [[Scottish devolution referendum, 1979|Scottish referendum]] returned a narrow majority in favour without reaching the required threshold of 40% support. When the Labour government duly refused to push ahead with setting up the proposed Scottish Assembly, the SNP withdrew its support for the government: this finally brought the government down as it triggered a vote of confidence in Callaghan's government that was lost by a single vote on 28 March 1979, necessitating a general election.
फ़ूट ने इस्तीफा दे दिया और उनकी जगह नील किन्नॉक ने ली। नए नेतृत्व ने तेजी से अप्रभावी व अलोकप्रिय नीतियों को त्यागना शुरु कर दिया। ग्रेट ब्रिटेन में १९८४-८५ के दौरान हुए खदान मजदूरों की हणताल और वैपिंग विवाद की वजह से पार्टी में झगड़ा बढ़ गया और प्रेस में नकारात्मक खबरें छपीं।
लेबर ने १९८७ के चुनावों में अपने प्रदर्शन में सुधार करते हुए २० और सीटें जीती और संसद में दूसरी सबसे बड़ी पार्टी बनी। इस बीच <abbr title="लेबर से अलग होकर बनी सोशल डेमोक्रेटिक पार्टी">एसडीपी</abbr> और लिब्रलों के गठबंधन से एक नई पार्टी [[लिबरल डेमोक्रेट्स]] का जन्म हुआ।
Callaghan had been widely expected to call a general election in the autumn of 1978 when most opinion polls showed Labour to have a narrow lead.<ref name="A History Of The British Labour Party"/> However he decided to extend his wage restraint policy for another year hoping that the economy would be in a better shape for a 1979 election. But during the winter of 1978–79 there were widespread strikes among lorry drivers, railway workers, car workers and local government and hospital workers in favour of higher pay-rises that caused significant disruption to everyday life. These events came to be dubbed the "[[Winter of Discontent]]".
नवंबर १९९० में मार्ग्रेट थैचर के इस्तीफे के बाद जॉन मेज़र कंज़रवेटिव पार्टी के नेता और यूनाइटेड किंगडम के नए प्रधानमंत्री बने।
In the [[United Kingdom general election, 1979|1979 general election]] Labour was heavily defeated by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] now led by [[Margaret Thatcher]]. The number of people voting Labour hardly changed between February 1974 and 1979 but the Conservative Party achieved big increases in support in the Midlands and South of England, benefiting from both a surge in turnout and votes lost by the ailing Liberals.
[[File:Old Logo Labour Party.svg|thumb|upright|right|क्न्नॉक, ब्लेयर और स्मिथ के दौरान लेबर दल का लोगो]]
थैचर के जाने और मेजर के आने के बाद कंज़रवेटिवों की कार्य शैली में परिवर्तन आ चुका था। एक दशक से ज्यादा के कंज़र्वेटिव शासन के बाद निक्कॉर के "बदलाव का समय आ गया है" के नारे को समर्थन मिल रहा था।
==="Wilderness Years", 1979–97===
After its defeat in the 1979 election the Labour Party underwent a period of internal rivalry between the left-wing, represented by [[Tony Benn]], and the right-wing represented by [[Denis Healey]]. The election of [[Michael Foot]] as leader in 1980, and the left policies they opposed, led in 1981 to four former cabinet ministers from the right of the Labour Party ([[Shirley Williams]], [[William Rodgers]], [[Roy Jenkins]] and [[David Owen]]) forming the [[Social Democratic Party (UK)|Social Democratic Party]]. Benn was only narrowly defeated by Healey in a subsequent deputy leadership election after the introduction of an electoral college intended to widen the voting franchise to elect the leader and their deputy. By 1982, the [[National Executive Committee]] had concluded that the [[Entryism|entryist]] [[Militant tendency]] group were in contravention of the party's constitution. The ''Militant'' newspaper's five member editorial board were expelled on 22 February 1983.
१९९२ के चुनावों में जनता ने एक [[त्रिशंकु संसद]] चुनी लेकिन कंज़र्वेटिव २१ सीटों के बहुमत के साथ एक बार फिर सत्ता में आ गये।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/election4/past_elections/4393317.stm|title=1992: Tories win again against odds|work=बीबीसी समाचार|date=5 अप्रैल 2005}}</ref> सीटों और मतों में बढ़ोत्तरी के बावजूद हार जान लेबर समर्थकों के लिए निराशाजनक था। ३० सालों में पहली बार जनता और मीडिया में यह बहस छिड़ गई थी कि क्या अब कभी लेबर पार्टी सरकार में वापसी कर पाएगी।
The Labour Party was defeated heavily in the [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983 general election]], winning only 27.6% of the vote, its lowest share since [[United Kingdom general election, 1918|1918]], and receiving only half a million votes more than the [[SDP-Liberal Alliance]] who leader Michael Foot condemned for "siphoning" Labour support and enabling the Conservatives to greatly increase their majority of parliamentary seats.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/9/newsid_2500000/2500847.stm |title=1983: Thatcher wins landslide victory |publisher=BBC News |date=9 June 1983 |accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref>
किन्नॉर्क ने इस्तीफा दे दिया और जॉन स्मिथ पार्टी के नए नेता बने। स्मिथ के नेतृत्वकाल में एक बार फिर दल के अंदर प्रखर वामपंथियों और उदारवादियों के बीच पार्टी में सुधार के तरीकों को लेकर तकरार बढ़ने लगी। १९९३ की एक सभा में स्मिथ ने सफलता पूर्वक पार्टी के नियमों में बदलाव कर दिया और संसदीय चुनाव के लिए प्रतिनिधियों को चुनने में मजदूर संघों की दखलंदाज़ी और प्रभुत्व को कम करने में सफलता पाई। उन्होंने "एक सदस्य एक मत" की नीति लागू की।
[[File:Kinnock, Neil.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Neil Kinnock]], leader of the party in opposition, 1983–92.]]
Foot resigned and was replaced as leader by [[Neil Kinnock]], with [[Roy Hattersley]] as his deputy. The new leadership progressively dropped unpopular policies. The [[UK miners' strike (1984–85)|miners strike of 1984–85]] over coal mine closures, for which miners' leader [[Arthur Scargill]] was blamed, and the [[Wapping dispute]] led to clashes with the left of the party, and negative coverage in most of the press. Tabloid vilification of the so-called [[loony left]] continued to taint the parliamentary party by association from the activities of 'extra-parliamentary' militants in local government.
सितंबर १९९२ में हुए आर्थिक त्रासदी जिसे काला बुधवार (ब्लैक वेडनेसडे) के नाम से भी जाना जाता है कंज़र्वेटिव सरकार की वित्तप्रबंधन की क्षमताओं पर से लोगों का भरोसा उठा दिया। साल के अंत तक लेबर पार्टी की लोकप्रियता बढने लगी थी और चुनावपूर्ण सर्वेक्षणों में वह कंज़र्वेटिवों के उपर भारी पड़ती दिख रही थी। १९९३ में आर्थिक त्रासदी के खत्म होने और उसके बाद एक स्थायी आर्थिक सुधारों की बयार बहने के बावजूद लेबर पार्टी की कंज़र्वेटिवों पर बढ़त कायम रही।<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393323.stm | publisher=बीबीसी समाचार| title=1997: Labour landslide ends Tory rule | date=15 अप्रैल 2005}}</ref>
The alliances which campaigns such as ''[[Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners]]'' forged between [[LGBT|lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender]] (LGBT) and [[Labour movement|labour groups]], as well as the Labour Party itself, also proved to be an important turning point in the progression of LGBT issues in the UK.{{sfn|Kelliher|2014}} At the 1985 Labour Party conference in Bournemouth, a resolution committing the party to support LGBT equality rights passed for the first time due to block voting support from the [[National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)|National Union of Mineworkers]].{{sfn|Kelliher|2014}}
==="नई लेबर" – सरकार में वापस, 1997–2010===
Labour improved its performance in [[United Kingdom general election, 1987|1987]], gaining 20 seats and so reducing the Conservative majority from 143 to 102. They were now firmly re-established as the second political party in Britain as the Alliance had once again failed to make a breakthrough with seats. A merger of the SDP and Liberals formed the [[Liberal Democrats]]. Following the 1987 election, the National Executive Committee resumed disciplinary action against members of Militant, who remained in the party, leading to further expulsions of their activists and the two MPs who supported the group.
{{double image|right|TonyBlairBasra.JPG|150|GordonBrown1234_cropped.jpg|152|[[टोनी ब्लेयर]]: लेबर दल से प्रधानमंत्री, 1997–2007|[[गॉर्डन ब्राउन]]: लेबर दल से प्रधानमंत्री, 2007–2010}}
[[टोनी ब्लेयर]] ने पार्टी में उदारवादी नीतियों को लागू करना ज़ारी रखा।
In November 1990 following a contested leadership election, [[Margaret Thatcher]] resigned as leader of the Conservative Party and was succeeded as leader and Prime Minister by [[John Major]]. Most opinion polls had shown Labour comfortably ahead of the Tories for more than a year before Mrs Thatcher's resignation, with the fall in Tory support blamed largely on her introduction of the unpopular [[Tax per head|poll tax]], combined with the fact that the economy was [[Early 1990s recession|sliding into recession]] at the time.
[[File:Old Logo Labour Party.svg|thumb|upright|right|Labour Party logo under Kinnock, Smith and Blair's leaderships]]
"नई लेबर" या "न्यू लेबर" को पहले लेबर पार्टी की चाल ढाल में बदलाव के रूप में देखा गया। एक नया ब्राँड जो कि पहली बार १९९४ की सभा में इस्तेमाल किया गया था १९९६ में पार्टी के घोषणापत्र में शामिल हो चुका था। इसे "नया लेबर, ब्रिटेन के लिए नया जीवन" के रूप में प्रचारित किया गया। नया लेबर या "न्यू लेबर" पार्टी का कोई आधिकारिक स्थिति नहीं थी लेकिन इसे उदारवादियों को संभोधित करने के लिए और कट्टरपंथियों जिन्हें पुरानी लेबर ("ओल्ड लेबर") कहा जाता था से फर्क करने के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाने लगा।
The change of leader in the Tory government saw a turnaround in support for the Tories, who regularly topped the opinion polls throughout 1991 although Labour regained the lead more than once.
{{quote|नई लेबर नए विचारों और आदर्शों की पार्टी है ना कि पुरानी पड़ चुकी विचारधारा की, महत्व उसका है जो काम का है। इसके उद्देश्य प्रजातंत्रवादी और उग्र सुधारवादी हैं। तरीके आधुनिक होंगे। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.labour-party.org.uk/manifestos/1997/1997-labour-manifesto.shtml|title=new Labour because Britain deserves better|publisher=लेबर पार्टी का चुनावी घोषणापत्र}}</ref>}}
The "yo yo" in the opinion polls continued into 1992, though after November 1990 any Labour lead in the polls was rarely sufficient for a majority. Major resisted Kinnock's calls for a general election throughout 1991. Kinnock campaigned on the theme "It's Time for a Change", urging voters to elect a new government after more than a decade of unbroken Conservative rule. However, the Conservatives themselves had undergone a dramatic change in the change of leader from Thatcher to Major, at least in terms of style if not substance. From the outset, it was clearly a well-received change, as Labour's 14-point lead in the November 1990 "Poll of Polls" was replaced by an 8% Tory lead a month later.
लेबर पार्टी ने १९९७ का आम चुनाव १७९ सीटों के भारी बहुमत से जीता, यह उसका अब तक का सर्वश्रेष्ठ बहुमत था। साथ ही १९४५ के बाद से किसी भी राजनीतिक दल के लिए यह सबसे बडा उलटफेर था। अगले दशक में बहुत सारे प्रगतिवादी सामाजिक सुधार किए गए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paultruswell.org.uk/files/300%20Gains.pdf|title=300 gains brought by labour government|author=नाइज़ेल|accessdate=२७ जुलाई २०१५}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issa.int/Observatory/Country-Profiles/Regions/Europe/United-Kingdom/Reforms2/(id)/3242 |title=Reforms – ISSA |publisher=Issa.int |date=7 जनवरी 2004 |accessdate=२७ जुलाई २०१५}}</ref>कर सुधारों जैसे कई प्रगतिशील नीतियों की वजह से लाखों लोगों के जीवनस्तर में सुधार हुआ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130128102031/http://www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/tackling-poverty.pdf|title=Tackling poverty – a progress report|work=कार्मिक और पेंसन मंत्रालय|accessdate=२७ जुलाई २०१५|date=मार्च २००६}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.poverty.org.uk/01/index.shtml |title=UK: numbers in low income – The Poverty Site |publisher=Poverty.org.uk |accessdate=२७ जुलाई २०१५}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/46/45649480.pdf |title=Work, Family, Health, and Well-Being: What We Know and Don't Know about Outcomes for Children |format=PDF |accessdate=२७ जुलाई २०१५}}</ref>
The [[United Kingdom general election, 1992|1992 general election]] was widely tipped to result in a hung parliament or a narrow Labour majority, but in the event the Conservatives were returned to power, though with a much reduced majority of 21.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/election4/past_elections/4393317.stm 1992: Tories win again against odds] BBC News, 5 April 2005</ref> Despite the increased number of seats and votes, it was still an incredibly disappointing result for supporters of the Labour party. For the first time in over 30 years there was serious doubt among the public and the media as to whether Labour could ever return to government.
विलियम हॉग के नेतृत्व वाली कंज़रवेटिव पार्टी अभी भी हार से उभरने का प्रयास कर रही थी और ब्लेयर की लोकप्रियता बढ़ती ही जा रही थी। इन सब वजहों से लेबर पार्टी ने उसी बहुमत से २००१ के ब्रिटेन के आम चुनाव भी जीत लिए। मीडिया ने इसे बहुत बड़ी जीत करार दिया।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/christmas/6873367/QI-Our-Quite-Interesting-Quiz-of-the-Decade-compiled-by-the-elves-from-the-TV-show.html|title=QI: Our Quite Interesting Quiz of the Decade, compiled by the elves from the TV show|work=द डेली टेलीग्राफ|date=26 दिसम्बर 2009|accessdate=२७ जुलाई २०१५| first1=जॉन| last1=मिचिंसन| first2=जस्टिन | last2=पोलार्ड | first3=मॉली | last3=ओल्डफ़ील्ड | first4=एंडी | last4=मर्रे | location=लंदन}}</ref>
Kinnock then resigned as leader and was replaced by [[John Smith (Labour Party leader)|John Smith]]. Smith's leadership once again saw the re-emergence of tension between those on the party's left and those identified as "modernisers", both of whom advocated radical revisions of the party's stance albeit in different ways. At the 1993 conference, Smith successfully changed the party rules and lessened the influence of the trade unions on the selection of candidates to stand for Parliament by introducing a [[one member, one vote]] system called "OMOV" — but only barely, after a barnstorming speech by [[John Prescott]] which required Smith to compromise on other individual negotiations.
अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[जॉर्ज बुश|जॉर्ज़ डब्ल्यु. बुश]] को [[इराक युद्ध]] में समर्थन करने की वजह से ब्लेयर की लोकप्रियता और राजनीतिक आधार घट गया।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,745536,00.html |title=European Opposition To Iraq War Grows | Current Affairs |publisher=डच वेल्ले |date=13 जनवरी 2003 |accessdate=२७ जुलाई २०१५}}</ref> [[कोफ़ी अन्नान|सयुंक्त राष्ट्र महासचिव]] सहित तमाम प्रमुख हस्तियों ने इस युद्ध को अकारण माना था।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/16/iraq.iraq|publisher=द गार्ज़ियन|title=Iraq war was illegal and breached UN charter, says Annan|date=१६ सितम्बर २००४|accessdate=२७ जुलाई २०१५|trans_title=कोफी अन्नान ने इराक युद्ध को गैरकानूनी और संयुक्त राष्ट्र के चरित्र के विरुद्ध बताया।|first1=इवेन|last1=मैक्स्किल|first2=जुलिअन|last2=बोर्ज़र}}</ref>पश्चिमी देशों में इराक युद्ध बेहद अलोकप्रिय था और पश्चिमी सरकारें इसके समर्थन करने और ना करने को लेकर एकमत नहीं थीं। <ref>{{cite web|last=बेनहोल्ड|first=कैट्रिन|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/28/news/28iht-sochi_ed3_.html |title=Unlikely alliance built on opposition to Iraq war now raises questions|work=न्यूयॉर्क टाइम्स|date=28 अगस्त 2004 |accessdate=२७ जुलाई २०१५}}</ref>
The [[Black Wednesday]] economic disaster in September 1992 left the Conservative government's reputation for monetary excellence in tatters, and by the end of that year Labour had a comfortable lead over the Tories in the opinion polls. Although the recession was declared over in April 1993 and a period of strong and sustained economic growth followed, coupled with a relatively swift fall in unemployment, the Labour lead in the opinion polls remained strong. However, Smith died from a heart attack in May 1994.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393323.stm | publisher=BBC News | title=1997: Labour landslide ends Tory rule | date=15 April 2005}}</ref>
==="New Labour" – in government, 1997–2010===
{{Further|New Labour|Premiership of Tony Blair|Premiership of Gordon Brown}}
{{double image|right|TonyBlairBasra.JPG|150|GordonBrown1234_cropped.jpg|152|[[Tony Blair]]: Labour Prime Minister, 1997–2007|[[Gordon Brown]]: Labour Prime Minister, 2007–2010}}
[[Tony Blair]] continued to move the party further to the centre, abandoning the largely symbolic [[Clause IV|Clause Four]] at the 1995 mini-conference in a strategy to increase the party's appeal to "[[middle England]]". More than a simple re-branding, however, the project would draw upon the [[Third Way (centrism)|Third Way]] strategy, informed by the thoughts of the British sociologist [[Anthony Giddens]].
"[[New Labour]]" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called ''[[New Labour, New Life For Britain]]''. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun under the leadership of [[Neil Kinnock]]. "New Labour" as a name has no official status, but remains in common use to distinguish modernisers from those holding to more traditional positions, normally referred to as "Old Labour".
{{quote|New Labour is a party of ideas and ideals but not of outdated ideology. What counts is what works. The objectives are radical. The means will be modern.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.labour-party.org.uk/manifestos/1997/1997-labour-manifesto.shtml|title=new Labour because Britain deserves better|publisher=Labour-Party.org.uk}}</ref>}}
The Labour Party won the 1997 general election with a landslide majority of 179; it was the largest Labour majority ever, and the largest swing to a political party achieved since [[United Kingdom general election, 1945|1945]]. Over the next decade, a wide range of progressive social reforms were enacted,<ref>http://www.paultruswell.org.uk/files/300%20Gains.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issa.int/Observatory/Country-Profiles/Regions/Europe/United-Kingdom/Reforms2/(id)/3242 |title=Reforms – ISSA |publisher=Issa.int |date=7 January 2004 |accessdate=31 May 2013}}</ref> with millions lifted out of poverty during Labour's time in office largely as a result of various tax and benefit reforms.<ref>http://www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/tackling-poverty.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.poverty.org.uk/01/index.shtml |title=UK: numbers in low income – The Poverty Site |publisher=Poverty.org.uk |accessdate=31 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/54/46/45649480.pdf |title=Work, Family, Health, and Well-Being: What We Know and Don't Know about Outcomes for Children |format=PDF |accessdate=26 September 2013}}</ref>
Among the early acts of Blair's government were the establishment of the [[national minimum wage]], the [[devolution]] of power to Scotland, Wales and [[Northern Ireland]], and the re-creation of a city-wide government body for London, the [[Greater London Authority]], with its own elected-[[Mayor of London|Mayor]].
Combined with a Conservative opposition that had yet to organise effectively under [[William Hague]], and the continuing popularity of Blair, Labour went on to win the [[United Kingdom general election, 2001|2001 election]] with a similar majority, dubbed the "quiet landslide" by the media. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/christmas/6873367/QI-Our-Quite-Interesting-Quiz-of-the-Decade-compiled-by-the-elves-from-the-TV-show.html|title=QI: Our Quite Interesting Quiz of the Decade, compiled by the elves from the TV show|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=26 December 2009|accessdate=14 May 2010| first1=John | last1=Mitchinson | first2=Justin | last2=Pollard | first3=Molly | last3=Oldfield | first4=Andy | last4=Murray | location=London}}</ref> In 2003 Labour introduced [[tax credits]], government top-ups to the pay of low-wage workers.
A perceived turning point was when Blair controversially allied himself with US President [[George W. Bush]] in supporting the [[Iraq War]], which caused him to lose much of his political support.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,745536,00.html |title=European Opposition To Iraq War Grows | Current Affairs |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=13 January 2003 |accessdate=13 April 2010}}</ref> The [[Kofi Annan|UN Secretary-General]], among many, considered the war illegal.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3661134 BBC News]{{Dead link|date=April 2010}}</ref> The Iraq War was deeply unpopular in most western countries, with Western governments divided in their support<ref>{{cite web|last=Bennhold |first=Katrin |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/08/28/sochi_ed3_.php |title=Unlikely alliance built on opposition to Iraq war now raises questions |work=International Herald Tribune |date=28 August 2004 |accessdate=13 April 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> and under pressure from [[Protests against the Iraq War|worldwide popular protests]]. The decisions that led up to the Iraq war and its subsequent conduct are currently the subject of [[Sir John Chilcot|Sir John Chilcot's]] [[The Iraq Inquiry|Iraq Inquiry]].
In the [[United Kingdom general election, 2005|2005 general election]], Labour was re-elected for a third term, but with a reduced majority of 66.
२००५ में लेबर पार्टी एक बार फिर सरकार के लिए चुनी गई।
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Blair announced in September 2006 that he would quit as leader within the year, though he had been under pressure to quit earlier than May 2007 in order to get a new leader in place before the May elections which were expected to be disastrous for Labour.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5322094.stm I will quit within a year – Blair] BBC News, 7 September 2007</ref> In the event, the party did lose power in Scotland to a minority [[Scottish National Party]] government at the [[Scottish Parliament election, 2007|2007 elections]] and, shortly after this, Blair resigned as Prime Minister and was replaced by his [[Chancellor of the Exchequer|Chancellor]], [[Gordon Brown]]. Although the party experienced a brief rise in the polls after this, its popularity soon slumped to its lowest level since the days of [[Michael Foot]]. During May 2008, Labour suffered heavy defeats in the [[London mayoral election, 2008|London mayoral election]], [[United Kingdom local elections, 2008|local elections]] and the loss in the [[Crewe and Nantwich by-election, 2008|Crewe and Nantwich by-election]], culminating in the party registering its worst ever opinion poll result since records began in 1943, of 23%, with many citing Brown's leadership as a key factor.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jeremy |last=Lovell |title=Brown hit by worst party rating |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/wtMostRead/idUKL2944559620080530 |agency=Reuters |date=30 May 2008|accessdate=28 June 2008}}</ref> Membership of the party also reached a low ebb, falling to 156,205 by the end of 2009: over 40 per cent of the 405,000 peak reached in 1997 and thought to be the lowest total since the party was founded.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/2475301/Labour-membership-falls-to-historic-low.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first1=James | last1=Kirkup | first2=Rosa | last2=Prince | title=Labour Party membership falls to lowest level since it was founded in 1900 | date=30 July 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/briefings/snsg-05125.pdf John Marshall: Membership of UK political parties; House of Commons, SN/SG/5125; 2009, page 9]{{dead link|date=May 2013}}</ref><ref>http://www.vote-2007.co.uk/index.php?action=printpage;topic=4767.0</ref>
In the [[United Kingdom general election, 2010|2010 general election]] on 6 May that year, Labour with 29.0% of the vote won the second largest number of seats (258). The Conservatives with 36.5% of the vote won the largest number of seats (307), but [[hung parliament|no party had an overall majority]], meaning that Labour could still remain in power if they managed to form a coalition with at least one smaller party.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/may/07/uk-election-results-data-candidates-seats UK election results: data for every candidate in every seat] The Guardian, 7 May 2010</ref> However, the Labour Party would have had to form a coalition with more than one other smaller party to gain an overall majority; anything less would result in a minority government.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/wintour-and-watt/2010/may/07/gordon-brown-rainbow-coalition |title=General election 2010: Can Gordon Brown put together a rainbow coalition? |date=7 May 2010 |work = The Guardian |location=London |first=Patrick |last=Wintour}}</ref> On 10 May 2010, after talks to form a coalition with the [[Liberal Democrats]] broke down, Brown announced his intention to stand down as Leader before the [[Labour Party Conference]] but a day later resigned as both [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] and party leader.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/gordon-brown-to-resign-as-labour-leader-1970273.html|title=Gordon Brown to resign as Labour leader|date=10 May 2010|work=The Independent| location=London | first1=Trevor | last1=Mason | first2=Jon | last2=Smith}}</ref>
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===विपक्ष में, 2010 से अबतक===
[[File:Ed Miliband 2.jpg|thumb|200px|right|लेबर दल के नेता 2010-2015, [[एड मिलिबैंड]]।]]
सात मई को चुनावों के एक दिन बाद मिलिबैंड ने पार्टी के नेता पद से त्यागपत्र दे दिया।<ref name="edresigns"/>
==चुनावी प्रदर्शन==
==Electoral performance==
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