"सब्ज़ी": अवतरणों में अंतर
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अनुनाद सिंह (वार्ता | योगदान) |
अनुनाद सिंह (वार्ता | योगदान) |
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पंक्ति 7:
== शब्द की जड़ें ==
'सब्ज़' शब्द का मतलब आधुनिक [[फ़ारसी]] में 'हरा', या कभी-कभी 'काला' होता है। फ़ारसी में 'सब्ज़ी' केवल वास्तव में हरे रंग के पत्तों-सब्ज़ियों को बुलाया जाता है जबकि हिन्दी, उर्दू, पंजाबी, कश्मीरी और उत्तरी [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]] की अन्य भाषाओँ में 'सब्ज़ी' की श्रेणी में किसी भी रंग की सब्ज़ियाँ शामिल हैं। ध्यान दें कि [[संस्कृत]] और फ़ारसी [[हिन्द-ईरानी भाषा परिवार]] की बहनें होने के कारण हज़ारों [[सजातीय शब्द]] रखती हैं और 'सब्ज़' भी इनमें से एक है। संस्कृत में इसी शब्द का रूप 'सस्य' है, जिसका मूल अर्थ '(खाया जाने वाला) दाना या फल' था।<ref>Priyadarshi, P. 2010. Recent Studies in Indian Archaeo-linguistics and Archaeo-genetics having bearing on Indian Prehistory, Joint Annual Conference of Indian Archaeology Society, Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies, Indian History and Culture Society, Lucknow, 30 दिसम्बर 2010. ''... We can now have a look at some of the farming related words in the Indo-European languages ... *sehm (PIE, grain), sasa (Sanskrit; sasam in Rig-Veda), sasya (Sanskrit, food, seed, grain, herb), sas (Kashmiri, beans, peas, lentils), sas (Bangla, grain, fruit), sasa (Oriya, kernel, nutritious part), sabz (Iranian, green vegetable), sem (Hindi, beans) ...''</ref>
==प्रमुख सब्जियाँ==
{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:center; " colspan="6"|Some common vegetables
|-
! style="width:125px;" |चित्र
! style="" |प्रजाति
! style="" |कौन सा भाग
! style="" |उत्पत्ति
! style="" |Cultivars
! style="" |World production<br>(×10<sup>6</sup> tons, 2012)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor |title=FAOSTAT Query page |accessdate=2015-09-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906230329/http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567 |archivedate=2015-09-06 |df= }} Aggregate data: may include official, semi-official or estimated data</ref>
|-
| [[File:Filoma-Kohl vor der Ernte.jpg|125px]] || ''[[Brassica oleracea]]'' || leaves, [[axillary bud]]s, stems, flower heads || Europe || [[cabbage]], [[Brussels sprouts]], [[cauliflower]], [[broccoli]], [[kale]], [[kohlrabi]],<br />[[red cabbage]], [[Savoy cabbage]], [[Chinese broccoli]], [[collard greens]]
|style="text-align:right"|70.1
|-
| [[File:Turnip 2622027.jpg|125px]] || ''[[Brassica rapa]]'' || root, leaves || Asia ||[[turnip]], [[Chinese cabbage]], [[napa cabbage]], [[bok choy]]
|style="text-align:right"|
|-
| [[File:Raphanus sativus.jpg|125px]] || ''Raphanus sativus'' || root, leaves, seed pods, seed oil, sprouting || Southeastern Asia || [[radish]], [[daikon]], seedpod varieties
|style="text-align:right"|
|-
| [[File:7carrots.jpg|125px]] || ''Daucus carota'' || root, leaves, stems || Persia || [[carrot]]
|style="text-align:right"|36.9<ref group=n name=carrot>Includes both carrots and turnips.</ref>
|-
| [[File:CDC parsnip.jpg|125px]] || ''Pastinaca sativa'' || root || Eurasia || [[parsnip]]
|style="text-align:right"|
|-
| [[File:Uncommon beetroot colours.jpg|125px]] || ''[[Beta vulgaris]]'' || root, leaves || Europe and Near East || [[beetroot]], [[sea beet]], [[Swiss chard]], [[sugar beet]]
|style="text-align:right"|
|-
| [[File:Kropsla herfst.jpg|125px]] || ''Lactuca sativa'' || leaves, stems, seed oil || Egypt || [[lettuce]], [[celtuce]]
|style="text-align:right"|24.9
|-
| [[File:Bohne z01.JPG|125px]] || ''[[Phaseolus vulgaris]]''<br>''[[Phaseolus coccineus]]''<br>''[[Phaseolus lunatus]]'' || pods, seeds || Central and South America || [[green bean]], [[French bean]], [[runner bean]], [[haricot bean]], [[Lima bean]]
|style="text-align:right"|44.6<ref group=n name=dry>Productions of dry and green vegetables added up.</ref>
|-
| [[File:Tuinboon zaden in peul.jpg|125px]] || ''Vicia faba'' || pods, seeds || Mediterranean and Middle East || [[broad bean]]
|style="text-align:right"|
|-
| [[File:NCI peas in pod.jpg|125px]] || ''Pisum sativum'' || pods, seeds, sprouts || Mediterranean and Middle East || [[pea]], [[snap pea]], [[snow pea]], [[split pea]]
|style="text-align:right"|28.9<ref group=n name=dry/>
|-
| [[File:Various types of potatoes for sale.jpg|125px]] || ''Solanum tuberosum'' || tubers || South America || [[potato]]
|style="text-align:right"|365.4
|-
| [[File:Aubergine.jpg|125px]] || ''Solanum melongena'' || fruits || South and East Asia || [[eggplant]] (aubergine)
|style="text-align:right"|48.4
|-
| [[File:Tomato je.jpg|125px]] || ''Solanum lycopersicum'' || fruits || South America || [[tomato]], see [[list of tomato cultivars]]
|style="text-align:right"|161.8
|-
| [[File:Ogórki...jpg|125px]] || ''Cucumis sativus'' || fruits || Southern Asia || [[cucumber]], see [[list of cucumber varieties]]
|style="text-align:right"|65.1
|-
| [[File:Pumpkins Hancock Shaker village 2418.jpg|125px]] || ''Cucurbita spp.'' || fruits, flowers || Mesoamerica || [[pumpkin]], [[Squash (plant)|squash]], [[Cucurbita|marrow]], [[zucchini]] (courgette), [[gourd]]
|style="text-align:right"|24.6
|-
| [[File:Onions.jpg|125px]] || ''Allium cepa'' || bulbs, leaves || Asia || [[onion]], [[spring onion]], [[scallion]], [[shallot]], see [[list of onion cultivars]]
|style="text-align:right"|87.2<ref group=n name=dry/>
|-
| [[File:Garlic.jpg|125px]] || ''Allium sativum'' || bulbs || Asia || [[garlic]]
|style="text-align:right"|24.8
|-
| [[File:Leek.jpg|125px]]|| ''Allium ampeloprasum''||leaf sheaths||Europe and Middle East|| [[leek]], [[elephant garlic]]
|style="text-align:right"|21.7
|-
| [[File:Red capsicum and cross section.jpg|125px]] || ''[[Capsicum annuum]]'' || fruits || North and South America || [[Capsicum annuum|pepper]], [[bell pepper]], sweet pepper
|style="text-align:right"|34.5<ref group=n name=dry/>
|-
| [[File:Espinac 5nov.JPG|125px]]|| ''Spinacia oleracea''||leaves||Central and southwestern Asia|| [[spinach]]
|style="text-align:right"|21.7
|-
| [[File:Dioscorea polystachya (batatas).jpg|125px]] || ''Dioscorea spp.'' || tubers || Tropical Africa || [[Yam (vegetable)|yam]]
|style="text-align:right"|59.5
|-
| [[File:Ipomoea batatas 006.JPG|125px]] || ''Ipomoea batatas'' || tubers, leaves, shoots || Central and South America || [[sweet potato]], see [[list of sweet potato cultivars]]
|style="text-align:right"|108.0
|-
| [[File:Manihot esculenta dsc07325.jpg|125px]]|| ''Manihot esculenta''|| tubers || South America || [[cassava]]
|style="text-align:right"|269.1
|}
{{reflist|group=n}}
==प्रमुख उत्पादक देश==
[[चित्र:Botanical Fruit and Culinary Vegetables.png|right|thumb|300px|अनेकों फल सब्जियों के रूप में प्रयुक्त होते हैं।]]
सन २०१० में विश्व में सब्जियों का सबसे बड़ा उत्पादक [[चीन]] था और उसके बाद [[भारत]]।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3107e/i3107e.PDF |title=Table 27 Top vegetable producers and their productivity |work=FAO Statistical Yearbook 2013 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |page=165 |accessdate=2015-09-14}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! देश !! खेती का क्षेत्रफल <br>हजार हेटेयर <br>(2,500 एकड़)!! उत्पादन <br>हजार किलो /हेक्टेअयर !! उत्पादन <br>हजार टन
|-
| style="text-align:left"|चीन || 23,458 || 230 || 539,993
|-
| style="text-align:left"|भारत || 7,256 || 138 || 100,045
|-
| style="text-align:left"|संयुक्त राज्य || 1,120 || 318 || 35,609
|-
| style="text-align:left"|तुर्की || 1,090 || 238 || 25,901
|-
| style="text-align:left"|ईरान || 767 || 261 || 19,995
|-
| style="text-align:left"|मिस्र || 755 || 251 || 19,487
|-
| style="text-align:left"|इटली || 537 || 265 || 14,201
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Russia || 759 || 175 || 13,283
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Spain || 348 || 364 || 12,679
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Mexico || 681 || 184 || 12,515
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Nigeria || 1844 || 64 || 11,830
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Brazil || 500 || 225 || 11,233
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Japan || 407 || 264 || 10,746
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Indonesia || 1082 || 90 || 9,780
|-
| style="text-align:left"|South Korea || 268 || 364 || 9,757
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Vietnam || 818 || 110 || 8,976
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Ukraine || 551 || 162 || 8,911
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Uzbekistan || 220 || 342 || 7,529
|-
| style="text-align:left"|Philippines || 718 || 88 || 6,299
|-
| style="text-align:left"|France || 245 || 227 || 5,572
|-class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left"|'''Total world''' || '''55,598''' || '''188''' || '''1,044,380'''
|}
== सन्दर्भ ==
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