"कालिदास (फ़िल्म)": अवतरणों में अंतर
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पंक्ति 40:
|footer=''कालिदास'' से दो चित्र। पहले चित्र में राजलक्ष्मी और वेंकटेशन अपने-अपने पात्रों के रूप में दिखाई पड़ रहे है।
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== संगीत ==
== रिलीज ==
== विरासत ==
== यह भी देखें ==
* ''[[कीचक वधम्]]'', पहली दक्षिण भारतीय मूक फिल्म।
* ''[[आलमआरा (1931 फ़िल्म)|आलम आरा]] (१९३१)'', पहली भारतीय [[वाक्पट|सवाक फ़िल्म]]।
== टिप्पणियाँ ==
{{notes
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{{efn
| name = exchange1931
| The exchange rate in 1931 was 2.97 Indian rupees ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exchange Rates Between the United States Dollar and Forty-one Currencies |url=http://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/exchangeglobal/result.php?year_source=1920&year_result=1945&countryE%5B%5D=India |last=Officer, Lawrence H. |date=2015 |website=MeasuringWorth |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805130508/http://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/exchangeglobal/result.php?year_source=1920&year_result=1945&countryE%5B%5D=India |archive-date=5 August 2015 |access-date=3 August 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}
== सन्दर्भ ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="wake">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=9 September 2012 |title=Wake up, industry |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/wake-up-industry/article3875804.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118043211/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/wake-up-industry/article3875804.ece |archive-date=18 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="Mahakavi Kalidasu (1960)">{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=14 January 2016 |title=Blast from the Past: Mahakavi Kalidasu (1960) |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Blast-from-the-Past-Mahakavi-Kalidasu-1960/article13999452.ece |url-status=live |access-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417040854/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Blast-from-the-Past-Mahakavi-Kalidasu-1960/article13999452.ece |archive-date=17 April 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Deccan">{{Cite news |date=19 July 2013 |title=Talking about talkies |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=http://i1303.photobucket.com/albums/ag149/kailash29792/Kalidas1931_zps908b1fa2.jpg |url-status=dead |access-date=19 July 2013 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6MoV3Afmv?url=http://i1303.photobucket.com/albums/ag149/kailash29792/Kalidas1931_zps908b1fa2.jpg |archive-date=22 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="sify">{{Cite web |title=Tamil Talkies completes 80 years today ! |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/tamil-talkies-completes-80-years-today-news-tamil-lk5sXTdjbbh.html |date=31 October 2011 |website=[[Sify]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105044536/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil-talkies-completes-80-years-today-news-tamil-lk5sXTdjbbh.html |archive-date=5 January 2012 |access-date=20 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="guy2">{{Cite news |last=Vincent |first=Pheroze L. |date=25 November 2009 |title=Romancing the reel |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/romancing-the-reel/article54781.ece |url-status=live |access-date=25 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204805/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/romancing-the-reel/article54781.ece |archive-date=29 October 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="tryst">{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=10 May 2012 |title=Tryst with the past |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tryst-with-the-past/article3404299.ece |url-status=live |access-date=13 February 2014 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6NLciazhB?url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tryst-with-the-past/article3404299.ece |archive-date=13 February 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="musings">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |date=November 2006 |title=The first talking Tamil picture |page=5 |work=[[Madras Musings]] |url=http://madrasmusings.com/older-archives/Vol%2016/Vol%20XVI%20-%20No%2014.pdf |access-date=1 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801114253/http://madrasmusings.com/older-archives/Vol%2016/Vol%20XVI%20-%20No%2014.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="indolink">{{Cite web |title=Tamil Cinema History – The Early Days (1916–1936) |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Memories/98/fna/fna1.htm |last=Film News Anandan |authorlink=Film News Anandan |year=1998 |website=Indolink |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000711043247/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Memories/98/fna/fna1.htm |archive-date=11 July 2000 |access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="Balavikatan">{{Cite news |last=Balakrishnan |first=V. |date=18 July 2015 |title=தமிழ் சினிமா முன்னோடிகள்: தமிழ்த் திரை உலகின் முதல் கதாநாயகி டி.பி.ராஜலஷ்மி! |language=Tamil |trans-title=Features of Tamil cinema: The first heroine of Tamil films, T. P. Rajalakshmi! |work=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |url=http://www.vikatan.com/news/coverstory/49680.art |access-date=31 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531072910/http://www.vikatan.com/news/coverstory/49680.html |archive-date=31 May 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="ReelRevolution">{{Cite news |last=Poorvaja |first=S. |date=1 November 2016 |title=A reel revolution from 85 years ago |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/A-reel-revolution-from-85-years-ago/article16086688.ece |url-status=live |access-date=1 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101091440/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-reel-revolution-from-85-years-ago/article9289530.ece |archive-date=1 November 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="kamala">{{Cite news |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=13 August 2015 |title=Tamil cinema's first heroine – TP Rajalakshmi |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Tamil-cinemas-first-heroine-TP-Rajalakshmi/articleshow/48465634.cms? |url-status=dead |access-date=15 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815090718/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Tamil-cinemas-first-heroine-TP-Rajalakshmi/articleshow/48465634.cms |archive-date=15 August 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="Keetru">{{Cite news |last=Nagarajan |first=Chola |title=தமிழ் சினிமாவின் முதல் சாதனைப் பெண் : வறுமை துரத்திய ஒரு சாதகப் பறவை! |language=Tamil |trans-title=Tamil cinema's first successful woman: The skylark who drove away despair |work=Keetru |url=https://keetru.com/literature/essays/chola_nagarajan.php |url-status=live |access-date=2 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802105457/http://keetru.com/literature/essays/chola_nagarajan.php |archive-date=2 August 2016}}</ref>
}}
== ग्रन्थ सूची ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book |last=Baskaran |first=Sundararaj Theodore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhFlAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Eye+of+the+Serpent:+An+Introduction+to+Tamil+Cinema&dq=The+eye+of+the+serpent:+an+introduction+to+Tamil+cinema |title=The Eye of the Serpent: An Introduction to Tamil Cinema |publisher=East West Books |year=1996 |oclc=243920437 |ref=harv |author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran}}
* {{Cite book |last=Dechamma C. C. |first=Sowmya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XgrKSAAACAAJ |title=Cinemas of South India: Culture, Resistance, Ideology |last2=Prakash |first2=Elavarthi Sathya |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-19-806795-5 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ganesan |first=Sivaji |title=Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2001 |title-link=Autobiography of an Actor |last2=Narayana Swamy |first2=T. S. |publisher=Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust |year=2007 |ref=harv |author-link=Sivaji Ganesan}}
* {{Cite book |last=Gokulsing |first=K. Moti |url=https://books.google.com/?id=djUFmlFbzFkC&dq=kalidas+patriotic+songs |title=Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas |last2=Dissanayake |first2=Wimal |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-415-67774-5 |chapter=The Civil Disobedience Movement and cinema |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Guy |first=Randor |url=https://books.google.com/?id=tWVYGwAACAAJ |title=Starlight, Starbright: The Early Tamil Cinema |publisher=Amra Publishers |year=1997 |ref=harv |author-link=Randor Guy}}
* {{Cite book |last=Meyer |first=Birgit |url=https://books.google.com/?id=mbDFAAAAQBAJ |title=Aesthetic Formations |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-230-60555-8 |ref=harv |author-link=Birgit Meyer}}
* {{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=Swarnavel Eswaran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HreICwAAQBAJ |title=Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5150-212-8 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rajadhyaksha |first=Ashish |url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |ref=harv |orig-year=1994}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rajan |first=Chandra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8KZyQk0VWUC&pg=PA2 |title=The Complete Works of Kālidāsa Volume One: Poems |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1997 |isbn=978-81-7201-824-5 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sastry |first=K. N. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u-NkAAAAMAAJ |title=L.V. Prasad : a monograph |publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley Eastern]] |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-224-0504-0 |ref=harv |author-link=K. N. T. Sastry}}
* {{Cite book |last=Thoraval |first=Yves |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_cinemas_of_India.html?id=-OpkAAAAMAAJ |title=The cinemas of India |date=2000 |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan India]] |isbn=978-0-333-93410-4 |ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book |last=Velayutham |first=Selvaraj |url=https://books.google.com/?id=UsR8AgAAQBAJ&dq=randor+guy+kalidas |title=Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-415-39680-6 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}
== बाहरी कड़ियाँ ==
{{Commons category|Kalidas (film)|कालिदास फ़िल्म}}
* {{IMDb title|0258699|कालिदास}}
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