"निर्वात नली": अवतरणों में अंतर

* httphttps://wwwweb.archive.org/web/20101007201649/http://pentalabs.com/tubeworks.html – The history of vacuum tubes

* https://web.archive.org/web/20120222125934/http://www.cfp-radio.com/realisations/rea03/rea03.html – (FR) How to build a vacuum tube tester.

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120114195917/http://books.google.co.za/books?id=KSkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA132&lpg=PA132&dq=van+der+Bijl+Thermionic+valve&source=bl&ots=JnsAins0-i&sig=MgS3Rl7nR-MHLqpYd7nydirOCpY&hl=en&ei=Q_KJTem-F5D34gb7qbjvDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=van%20der%20Bijl%20Thermionic%20valve&f=false The Thermionic Detector – HJ van der Bijl (October 1919)]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110713112607/http://www.john-a-harper.com/tubes201/ How vacuum tubes really work] – Thermionic emission and vacuum tube theory, using introductory college-level mathematics.

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014094123/http://www.ken-gilbert.com/techstuff/vtf.html The Vacuum Tube FAQ] – FAQ from rec.audio

* [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20121016134008/http://www.marconicalling.com/museum/html/events/events-i=39-s=0.html The invention of the thermionic valve]. Fleming discovers the thermionic (or oscillation) valve, or 'diode'.

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110103040642/http://www.milbert.com/tstxt.htm Tubes Vs. Transistors] : Is There An Audible Difference? – 1972 AES paper on audible differences in sound quality between vacuum tubes and transistors.

* [httphttps://wwwweb.archive.org/web/20110421183732/http://tubecollector.org/ The Virtual Valve Museum]

* [httphttps://wwwweb.archive.org/web/20190815200658/http://crtsite.com/ The cathode ray tube site]

* [httphttps://wwwweb.archive.org/web/20090503155102/http://oneillselectronicmuseum.com/page10.html O'Neill's Electronic museum – vacuum tube museum]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110914075353/http://www.atatan.com/~s-ito/vacuum/vacuum.html Vacuum tubes for beginners] – [https://web.archive.org/web/20120109032659/http://www.atatan.com/~s-ito/vacuum/vacuum-j.html Japanese Version]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070203135506/http://www.nj7p.org/Tube.php NJ7P Tube Database] – Data manual for tubes used in North America.

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111205020806/http://tdsl.duncanamps.com/ Vacuum tube data sheet locator]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120113015353/http://www.classiccmp.org/rtellason/tubes.html Characteristics and datasheets]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080109023004/http://blog.makezine.com/archive/2008/01/make_your_own_vaccum_tube.html Video of amateur radio operator making his own vacuum tube triodes]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121029002122/http://everything2.com/title/tuning%2520eye%2520tubes Tuning eye tubes.]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418051936/http://www.techtubevalves.com/about_us/film_reels.php Archive film of Mullard factory Blackburn]