"भारतीय हाथी": अवतरणों में अंतर
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05:44, 9 सितंबर 2009 का अवतरण
The Indian Elephant, Elephas maximus indicus, is one of four subspecies of the Asian Elephant, the largest population of which is found in India. This subspecies is also found in Bangladesh, Pakistan ,Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Burma/Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam.
| Indian Elephant | |
|---|---|
| चित्र:Thrippunithura-Elephant6 crop.jpg | |
| वैज्ञानिक वर्गीकरण | |
| जगत: | Animalia |
| संघ: | Chordata |
| वर्ग: | Mammalia |
| गण: | Proboscidea |
| कुल: | Elephantidae |
| वंश: | Elephas |
| जाति: | E. maximus |
| उपजाति: | E. m. indicus |
| त्रिपद नाम | |
| Elephas maximus indicus Cuvier, 1798 | |
The other three subspecies of the Asian Elephant are the Sumatran Elephant (E. m. sumatranus), Sri Lankan Elephant (E. m. maximus)[1] and Borneo Elephant (E. m. borneensis).
Habitat
Indian Elephants live in or near scrub-forested areas, although their habitat may vary. They tend to be nomadic in nature and do not stay in one place for more than a few days. They can live in jungles but gravitate towards areas that contain open space and grass.
Physical characteristics
Size
The Indian Elephant is up to 6.4 metres (21 ft) long; it is taller and thinner than the Asian elephant found in Thailand. The largest Indian Elephant was 26ft (7.88m) long, stood 11 फीट (3.4 मी॰), 9in (3.61m) at the arch of the back, and weighed 8 tons (17935 lbs). [2] Indian elephants look similar to African elephants but they have smaller ears and shorter tusks.[तथ्य वांछित].
Body structure
Since Indian Elephants are a subspecies of the Asian Elephants, there are not much differences. Indian elephants have small ears unlike the African elephant, and has a broad skull. Females have no tusks. Males are larger than females. The trunk is larger in size than the African elephant. Toes are large and broad. The feet nails are not much large. Unlike their African neighbours, their abdomen is proportionate with their body weight but the African elephant has a large abdomen as compared to the skull.
Population & endangerment
The WWF considers the Indian Elephant widely distributed, but endangered. The current population of the Indian Elephant is in the range of 20,000-25,000[3]. The Indian Elephant was assessed as an endangered species in 1996 by the Asian Elephant Specialist Group. [4] Indian Elephants are threatened by poaching for the ivory of their tusks, by the loss of habitat due to human pressure on forested areas and due to human conflict. The isolated populations of wild elephants in individual wildlife sanctuaries are also threatened by loss of genetic diversity. Recently a number of corridors connecting wildlife sanctuaries have been established to encourage the migration of wild elephants.[5]
See also
- Asian Elephant
- Elephants in Kerala culture
- Mela shikar, a traditional method of capturing wild elephants in North-east India
References
- Shoshani J, Eisenberg JF (1982) Elephas maximus. Mammalian Species 182: 1–8. Full text
- Animal Diversity. Elephas maximus.
- Honolulu Zoo Indian Elephant