"समस्थानिक": अवतरणों में अंतर
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अनुनाद सिंह (वार्ता | योगदान) |
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पंक्ति 8:
===रेडियोधर्मी समस्थानिक===
समस्थानिक के होने की बात सबसे पहले 1913 में फ्रेडरिक सोड्डी ने बताई थी। उनके रेडियोधर्मी क्षय के अध्ययन से बताया कि [[यूरेनियम]] और [[सीसा]] के मध्य 40 अलग अलग रेडियोधर्मी तत्व हैं, जबकि आवर्त सारणी में यूरेनियम से सीसा तक मात्र 11 तत्वों को ही रखा गया है।
==समस्थानिकों की सूची==
== Trwałe izotopy pierwiastków ==
{{Dopracować|sekcja|kryteria|Tabela jest niepełna - pominięte zostały [[lantanowce]]. Por. {{link-interwiki|List of elements by stability of isotopes|en|List of elements by stability of isotopes}}}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 600px;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"
! style="width: 96px;"|[[परमाणु क्रमांक]]
! style="width: 105px;"| प्रतीक
! style="width: 360px;" class="unsortable" | [[परमाणु भार]] <br />
(कोष्ठक में प्रतिशत)
|-
|1
|[[H]]
|1 (99,985),<br />2 (0,015)
|-
|2
|[[He]]
|4 (99,99987),<br />3 (0,00013)
|-
|3
|[[Li]]
|7 (92,6),<br />6 (7,4)
|-
|4
|[[Be]]
|9 (100)
|-
|5
|[[B]]
|11 (81,2),<br />10 (18,8)
|-
|6
|[[C]]
|12 (98,89),<br />13 (1,11)
|-
|7
|[[N]]
|14 (99,63),<br />15 (0,37)
|-
|8
|[[O]]
|16 (99,759),<br />17 (0,037),<br />18 (0,204)
|-
|9
|[[F]]
|19 (100)
|-
|10
|[[Ne]]
|20 (90,92),<br />21 (0,26),<br />22 (8,82)
|-
|11
|[[Na]]
|23 (100)
|-
|12
|[[Mg]]
|24 (78,8),<br />25 (10,1),<br />26 (11,1)
|-
|13
|[[Al]]
|27 (100)
|-
|14
|[[Si]]
|28 (92,17),<br />29 (4,71),<br />30 (3,12)
|-
|15
|[[P]]
|31 (100)
|-
|16
|[[S]]
|32 (95),<br />33 (0,75),<br />34 (4,2),<br />36 (0,017)
|-
|17
|[[Cl]]
|35 (75,53),<br />37 (24,47)
|-
|18
|[[Ar]]
|40 (99,60),<br />36 (0,337),<br />38 (0,063)
|-
|19
|[[K]]
|39 (93,2),<br />41 (6,8),<br />40{{u|a}} (0,0119)
|-
|20
|[[Ca]]
|40 (96,9),<br />42 (0,64),<br />43 (0,14),<br />44 (2,1),<br />46 (0,0032),<br />48 (0,18)
|-
|21
|[[Sc]]
|45 (100)
|-
|22
|[[Ti]]
|48 (73,8),<br />46 (8,0),<br />47 (7,4),<br />49 (5,5),<br />50 (5,3)
|-
|23
|[[V]]
|51 (99,75),<br />50{{u|a}} (0,25)
|-
|24
|[[Cr]]
|52 (83,7),<br />50 (4,4),<br />53 (9,5),<br />54 (2,4)
|-
|25
|[[Mn]]
|55 (100)
|-
|26
|[[Fe]]
|56 (91,6),<br />54 (5,9),<br />57 (2,20),<br />58 (0,33)
|-
|27
|[[Co]]
|59 (100)
|-
|28
|[[Ni]]
|58 (68,0),<br />60 (26,2),<br />61 (1,1),<br />62 (3,7),<br />64 (1,0)
|-
|29
|[[Cu]]
|63 (69,0),<br />65 (31,0)
|-
|30
|[[Zn]]
|64 (48,9),<br />66 (27,8),<br />67 (4,1),<br />68 (18,6),<br />70 (0,63)
|-
|31
|[[Ga]]
|69 (60,1),<br />71 (39,9)
|-
|32
|[[Ge]]
|70 (20,5),<br />72 (27,4),<br />73 (7,8),<br />74 (36,5),<br />76 (7,8)
|-
|33
|[[As]]
|75 (100)
|-
|34
|[[Se]]
|74 (0,93),<br />76 (9,1),<br />77 (7,5),<br />78 (23,6),<br />80 (49,9),<br />82 (9,0)
|-
|35
|[[Br]]
|79 (50,6),<br />81 (49,4)
|-
|36
|[[Kr]]
|78 (0,35),<br />80 (2,27),<br />82 (11,6),<br />83 (11,5),<br />84 (57,0),<br />86 (17,3)
|-
|37
|[[Rb]]
|85 (72,2),<br />87{{u|a}} (27,8)
|-
|38
|[[Sr]]
|84 (0,55),<br />86 (9,8),<br />87 (7,0),<br />88 (82,7)
|-
|39
|[[Y]]
|89 (100)
|-
|40
|[[Zr]]
|90 (51,5),<br />91 (11,2),<br />92 (17,1),<br />94 (17,4),<br />96 (2,8)
|-
|41
|[[Nb]]
|93 (100)
|-
|42
|[[Mo]]
|92 (15,7),<br />94 (9,3),<br />95 (15,7),<br />96 (16,5),<br />97 (9,5),<br />98 (23,8),<br />100 (9,5)
|-
|43
|[[Tc]]
|brak trwałych izotopów
|-
|44
|[[Ru]]
|96 (5,6),<br />98 (1,9),<br />99 (12,7),<br />100 (12,7),<br />101 (17,0),<br />102 (31,5),<br />104 (18,6)
|-
|45
|[[Rh]]
|103 (100)
|-
|46
|[[Pd]]
|102 (1,0),<br />104 (11,0),<br />105 (22,2),<br />106 (27,3),<br />108 (26,7),<br />110 (11,8)
|-
|47
|[[Ag]]
|107 (51,4),<br />109 (48,6)
|-
|48
|[[Cd]]
|106 (1,22),<br />108 (0,88),<br />110 (12,4),<br />111 (12,8),<br />112 (24,0),<br />113 (12,3),<br />114 (28,8),<br />116 (7,6)
|-
|49
|[[In]]
|113 (4,2),<br />115{{u|a}} (95,8)
|-
|50
|[[Sn]]
|112 (1,02),<br />114 (0,69),<br />115 (0,38),<br />116 (14,3),<br />117 (7,6),<br />118 (24,1),<br />119 (8,5),<br />120 (32,5),<br />122 (4,8),<br />124 (6,1)
|-
|51
|[[Sb]]
|121 (57),<br />123 (43)
|-
|52
|[[Te]]
|120 (0,091),<br />122 (2,5),<br />123{{u|a}} (0,88),<br />124 (4,6),<br />125 (7,0),<br />126 (18,7),<br />128 (31,8),<br />130 (34,4)
|-
|53
|[[I]]
|127 (100)
|-
|54
|[[Xe]]
|124 (0,094),<br />126 (0,092),<br />128 (1,92),<br />129 (26,4),<br />130 (4,1),<br />131 (21,2),<br />132 (26,9),<br />134 (10,4),<br />136 (8,9)
|-
|55
|[[Cs]]
|133 (100)
|-
|56
|[[Ba]]
|130 (0,101),<br />132 (0,097),<br />134 (2,42),<br />135 (6,6),<br />136 (7,8),<br />137 (11,3),<br />138 (71,7)
|-
|57
|[[La]]
|138{{u|a}} (0,089),<br />139 (99,911)
|-
|72
|[[Hf]]
|174 (0,18),<br />176 (5,2),<br />177 (18,5),<br />178 (27,1),<br />179 (13,8),<br />180 (35,2)
|-
|73
|[[Ta]]
|180{{u|a}} (0,012),<br />181 (99,988)
|-
|74
|[[W]]
|180 (0,14),<br />182 (26,2),<br />183 (14,3),<br />184 (30,7),<br />186 (28,7)
|-
|75
|[[Re]]
|185 (37,1),<br />187{{u|a}} (62,9)
|-
|76
|[[Os]]
|184 (0,018),<br />186 (1,59),<br />187 (1,64),<br />188 (13,3),<br />189 (16,1),<br />190 (26,4),<br />192 (41,0)
|-
|77
|[[Ir]]
|191 (38,5),<br />193 (61,5)
|-
|78
|[[Pt]]
|192 (0,78),<br />194 (32,8),<br />195 (33,7),<br />196 (25,4),<br />198 (7,2)
|-
|79
|[[Au]]
|197 (100)
|-
|80
|[[Hg]]
|196 (0,15),<br />198 (10,0),<br />199 (16,9),<br />200 (23,1),<br />201 (13,2),<br />202 (29,8),<br />204 (6,8)
|-
|81
|[[Tl]]
|203 (29,5),<br />205 (70,5)
|-
|82
|[[Pb]]
|204 (1,3),<br />206 (26),<br />207 (21),<br />208 (52)
|-
|83
|[[Bi]]
|209{{u|a}} (100)
|}
==इन्हें भी देखें==
* [[परमाणु]]
* [[परमाणु द्रव्यमान]]
==सन्दर्भ==
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