"चम्पा": अवतरणों में अंतर
New page: '''चम्पा''' दक्षिण पूर्व एशिया में भारतीय संस्कृति से जुडा हुआ राज्य था, ज... |
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01:12, 8 फ़रवरी 2007 का अवतरण
चम्पा दक्षिण पूर्व एशिया में भारतीय संस्कृति से जुडा हुआ राज्य था, जिसके राजाओं के संस्कृत नाम थे।
इसके ५ प्रमुख विभाग थेः
Religion
Before the conquest of Champa by Lê Thánh Tông, the dominant religion of the Champa people was Shaivism and the culture was heavily influenced by India. Islam started making headway among the Cham after the 10th century, but it was only after the 1471 invasion that this influence picked up speed. By the 17th century the Royal families of Cham Lords also began to turn to Islam and this eventually triggerred the major shift in religious orientation of the Cham so that by the time of their final annexation by the Vietnamese, the majority of the Cham people had converted to Islam. Most Cham are now Muslims but, like the Javanese in Indonesia, they are heavily influenced by Hinduism. Significant minorities of Hindus and Mahayana Buddhists exist. Indonesian records indicate the influence of Princess Darawati, a Cham princess in influencing her husband Kertawijaya, Majapahit’s seventh ruler, similarly to Parameshwara of Malacca, to convert the Majapahit royal family to Islam. The islamic tomb of Putri Champa (Princess of Champa) can be found in Trowulan, the site of Majapahit imperial capital.
Remains
Many Champa towers still stand in Central Vietnam (An Nam). The most significant example of Cham architecture is My Son (Viet: Mỹ Sơn) near the town of Hoi An (Viet: Hội An). My Son, is a large complex that was heavily damaged by US bombing during the Vietnam War. The site is currently being restored with donations from a number of countries and NGO's. As of 2004, there were still land mines and UXO's to be cleared. There is a Museum of Cham Sculpture in Da Nang which was established in 1915 by the French.
The dynasties of Lin-yi and Champa
Dynasty I
- 192- ? Sri Mara
- ?
- ?
- circa 270 Fan Hiong
- circa 284-336 Fan Yi
Dynasty II
- 336-349 Fan Wen
- 349- ? Fan Fo
- circa 377 Bhadravarman I
- ? Gangaraja
- ? Manorathavarman
- d circa 420 Wen Ti
Dynasty III
- circa 420-Fan
- ? Fan
- ? Fan
- ? Fan
- ? Fan
- ? Fan
- ? Fan
- circa 510 Devavarman
- circa 526/9 Vijayavarman
Dynasty IV
- circa 529 ? Rudravarman I
- circa 605 Sambuvarman
- circa 629 ? Kanharpadharma
- ? -645 Bhasadharma
- 645- ? Bhadresvaravarman
- (d. 653 ? (f)
- 653- ? Vikrantavarman I
- circa 685-c. 730 Vikrantavarman II
- circa 749/58 Rudravarman II
Dynasty of Panduranga
- circa 757 : Prithivîndravarman
- circa 774 : Satyavarman
- circa 793 : Indravarman
- circa 801 : Harivarman
- circa 820-860 : Vikrantavarman III
Dynasty of Bhrigu
- circa 877 : Indravarman II
- circa 896-905 : Jayasimhavarman
- 905-910 : Bhadravarman II
- 911-vers 971 : Indravarman III
- 989- ? : Vijaya Shrî Harivarman II
- circa 989 : Yanpuku Vijaya Shrî
Dynasty of the South
- 1041-1059 : Jayasimhavarman II
- 1059-1060 ? : Bhadravarman III
- circa 1060 : Rudravarman
- circa 1081 : Jaya Indravarman IV
- ? -1086 : Paramabodhisattva
- 1086-1139 : Jaya Indravarman V
- 1139-1147 : Jaya Indravarman VI
- 1147-1163 : Jaya Harivarman VI
- 1163- ? : Jaya Indravarman VII
- ? - 1190 : Jaya Indravarman VIII
- 1226- ? : Jaya Parameshvaravarman IV
- ? - 1237 : Jaya Indravarman X
- 1266- ? : Indravarman IX
- ? - 1307 : Jayasimhavarman IV
- 1307- ? : Mahendravarman
- 1342-1360 : Bo-dê
- 1360-1390 : Che Bong-nga
- 1441-1446 : Bichai
- 1627 – 1651 Po Rome
- 1660 – 1692 Po Sot
Dynasty of Po Saktiraidaputih, vassal Cham rulers under the Nguyen Lords
- 1695 - 1728 Po Saktiraidaputih
- 1728 - 1730 Po Ganvuhdaputih
- 1731 - 1732 Po Thuttirai
- 1732 - 1735 vacant
- 1735 - 1763 Po Rattirai
- 1763 - 1765 Po Tathundamohrai
- 1765 - 1780 Po Tithuntiraidapaguh
- 1780 - 1781 Po Tithuntiraidaparang
- 1781 - 1783 vacant
- 1783 - 1786 Chei Krei Brei
- 1786 - 1793 Po Tithundaparang
- 1793 - 1799 Po Lathundapaguh
- 1799 - 1822 Po Chong Chan