"विधि स्नातक": अवतरणों में अंतर

[[चित्र:Sir William Blackstone from NPG.jpg|thumb|295x295px|सर विलियम ब्लैक्स्टॉन, अंग्रेज़ी साधारण क़ानून के सर्वप्रथम व्याख्याता]]

 

 

संक्षेप एलएल॰बी॰ में लातीनी अक्षर एल॰ को दो बार (LL) लिखने की वजह यह है कि लातीनी ज़बान में यह दर्जा विभिन्न क़ानूनों का वर्नण करता है न कि सिर्फ़ कोई एक क़ानून, इसलिए इसके मुकम्मल नाम में सिर्फ़ ''Legum'' (लातीनी में क़ानून, ''lex'' का बहुवचन रूप) लिखा जाता है।

 

यह उपाधि सभी अंग्रेज़ी [[लोक-विधि|साधारण क़ानून देशों]] में उपलब्ध है।<ref>Professional Objectives in Legal Education: American Trends and English Comparisons," Pressing Problems in the Law, Volume 2: What are Law Schools For?, Oxford University Press, 1996.</ref> जबकि [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]] में इसे ''डॉक्टर ऑफ़ जूरिस्टप्रूडंस'' (Juris Doctor, न्यायशास्त्र में विद्वान), संक्षेप में JD, कहलाया जाता है।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pb.uillinois.edu/aaude/documents/graded_glossary.doc |title=Glossary of Terms for Graduate Education |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |website= |publisher=Association of American Universities Data Exchange |access-date= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304031242/http://www.pb.uillinois.edu/aaude/documents/graded_glossary.doc |archive-date=4 March 2009 }}. National Science Foundation (2006). "[http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf06312/nsf06312.pdf Time to Degree of U.S. Research Doctorate Recipients] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308130032/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf06312/nsf06312.pdf |date=8 मार्च 2016 }}," ‘'InfoBrief, Science Resource Statistics'' NSF 06-312, 2006, p. 7. (under "Data notes" mentions that the J.D. is a professional doctorate); San Diego County Bar Association (1969). [http://spellmirelaw.com/ ‘'Law Firm Chicago''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308130032/http://spellmirelaw.com/ |date=8 मार्च 2016 }}. Accessed May 26, 2008. (under "other references" discusses differences between academic and professional doctorate, and statement that the J.D. is a professional doctorate); University of Utah (2006). [http://www.gradschool.utah.edu/catalog/degree.php University of Utah – The Graduate School – Graduate Handbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626081148/http://www.gradschool.utah.edu/catalog/degree.php |date=26 जून 2008 }}. Accessed May 28, 2008. (the J.D. degree is listed under doctorate degrees); {{cite web |url=http://www.blk-bonn.de/papers/hochschulsystem_usa.pdf |title=U.S. Higher Education / Evaluation of the Almanac Chronicle of Higher Education |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date= |website= |publisher=German Federal Ministry of Education |access-date= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325051732/http://www.blk-bonn.de/papers/hochschulsystem_usa.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2009 }} (report by the German Federal Ministry of Education analysing the Chronicle of Higher Education from the U.S. and stating that the J.D. is a professional doctorate); Encyclopædia Britannica. (2002). ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 3:962:1a. (the J.D. is listed among other doctorate degrees).</ref><ref name="WSJYale">{{cite web | publisher = Wall Street Journal | last = Lattman | first = Peter | title = Why Did Law Schools Switch from LLBs to JDs? | url = http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2007/09/28/why-did-law-schools-switch-from-llbs-to-jds/ | date = September 28, 2007 | accessdate = September 17, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160711093817/http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2007/09/28/why-did-law-schools-switch-from-llbs-to-jds/ | archive-date = 11 जुलाई 2016 | url-status = live }}</ref>