"श्वा": अवतरणों में अंतर

पंक्ति 6:
 
==श्वा ग्रहण==
हिंदी और बहुत सी अन्य आधुनिक [[हिन्द-आर्य भाषाएँ|हिन्द-आर्य भाषाओँ]] में कईं स्थानों में देवनागरी के व्यंजनों के निहित श्वा का ग्रहण अनिवार्य है ।<ref name="hyman1988">{{Citation | title=Language, speech, and mind | author=Larry M. Hyman, Victoria Fromkin, Charles N. Li | date=1988 (Volume 1988, Part 2) | isbn=0415003113 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=R6IOAAAAQAAJ | quote=''... The implicit /a/ is not read when the symbol appears in word-final position or in certain other contexts where it is obligatorily deleted (via the so-called schwa-deletion rule which plays a crucial role in Hindi word phonology ...''}}</ref> यद्यपि देवनागरी लिपि में अक्षरों और ध्वनियों का अन्य लिपियों की तुलना में बहुत क़रीबी ताल-मेल है, परन्तु कईं हिंद-आर्य भाषाएँ कुछ इस तरह विकसित हुईं हैं के कईं स्थानों में बिना हलंत का प्रयोग करे ही हलंत लाघू होता है ।<ref name="bhatia1987">{{Citation | title=A history of the Hindi grammatical tradition: Hindi-Hindustani grammar, grammarians, history and problems | author=Tej K. Bhatia | year=1987 | isbn=9004079246 | publisher=BRILL | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jJOXzRXsSK0C | quote=''... Hindi literature fails as a reliable indicator of the actual pronunciation because it is written in the Devanagari script ... the schwa syncope rule which operates in Hindi ...''}}</ref> यह ''श्वा ग्रहण नियम'' (अंग्रेजी: ''schwa deletion rule'') सही उच्चारण के लिए आवश्यक है और बिना इसे करे या तो बोलने वाले को समझने में कठिनाई होती है या उसके बोलने का [[लहजा (भाषाविज्ञान)|लहजा]] अजीब लगता है ।<ref name="choudhury2002">{{Citation | title=A Rule Based Schwa Deletion Algorithm for Hindi | author=Monojit Choudhury and Anupam Basu | date=July 2004 | isbn= | journal=Proceedings of the International Conference On Knowledge-Based Computer Systems | url=http://www.mla.iitkgp.ernet.in/papers/schwadeletionhindi.pdf | quote=... Without any schwa deletion, not only the two words will sound very unnatural, but it will also be extremely difficult for the listener to distinguish between the two, the only difference being nasalization of the e at the end of the former. However, a native speaker would pronounce the former as dha.D-kan-eM and the later as dha.Dak-ne, which are clearly distinguishable ...}}</ref>
 
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