सदस्य:Rajat narayan gautam36/प्रयोगपृष्ठ

CONSITUTION-:

A constitution is an aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that collectively constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity. And commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.

Introdution -:The term” constitution” refers to a set of rules and principles that define the nature and extent of government. Most constitutions seek to regulate the relationship between institutions of the state, in a basic sense the relationship between the executive, legislature and the judiciary, but also the relationship of institutions within those branches. For example, executive branches can be divided into a head of government, government departments/ministries, executive agencies and a civil services/administration.

INDIA CONSITUTION-:

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework demarcating fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.

‘INDIA CONSITUTION’ was first described by the Granville Austin to achieve the social revolution. The ever lasting contribution of the Babasaheb Ambedkar towards the Indian constitution helps a lot to all the citizens of India. The constitution of Indian was adopted to constitute the country as an independent, communist, secular, autonomous and republic to secure the Indian citizens by the justice, equality, liberty and union.

When the constitution of India was adopted, the citizens of India were entered to a new constitutional, scientific, self-governing and modern India with the peace, poise and progress. The constitution of India is very unique all over the world and has taken around 2 years, 11 months and 17 days to pass by the Constituent Assembly.

The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any country in the world,containing 444 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules and 118 amendments, with 146,385 word in its English-languageversion. While the Constitution of Monaco is the shortest written constitution, containing 10 chapters with 97 articles, and a total of 3,814 words.

26 NOVEMBER INDIA CONSITUTION DAY -:

Constitution Day, also known as Samvidhan Divas, is celebrated in India on 26 November every year to commemorate the adoption of Constitution of India. On 26 November 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India, and it came into effect on 26 January 1950.

It is celebrated to mark Ambedkar’s birth anniversary remembering his contribution in the formation of the Constitution of India.

It was on November 19, 2015, when the government of India with the help of a gazette notification declared November 26 as the Constitution Day. There is no public holiday on this day. The draft of the constitution was prepared by the drafting committee under BR Ambedkar’s aegis. According to the government notification, the Constitution Day was also a tribute to Ambedkar.Earlier, this day was commemorated as National Law Day, after a resolution by the Supreme Court Bar Association, a lawyers’ body, in 1979.

The aim of declaring November 26 as the Constitution Day of India is to spread awareness on the importance of the Indian Constitution and to spread awareness about its architect, Dr B R Ambedkar.

FACTS ON THE CONSITUTION OF INDIA 26 NOVEMBER CONSITUTION DAY-:

• The constitution was adopted on November 26, 1949, while it came into force on January 26, 1950
• The Constitution of India was not typeset or printed but was handwritten and calligraphed in both English and Hindi
• The original copies of the Constitution of India are kept in special helium-filled cases in the Library of the Parliament of India
• Indian Constitution is known as a bag of borrowings
• The concepts of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity were taken from the French Constitution
• The concept of five-year plans was taken from the USSR
• The Directive Principles were taken from Ireland
• The laws on which the Supreme Court functions were taken from Japan
• It is the longest written constitution of an independent country in the world

• The Constituent Assembly had 284 members, out of which 15 were women
• The draft was submitted in November 1949. After the submission, it took three more years to complete it
• All the 284 members of the Constituent Assembly signed the documents on January 24, 1950
• The constitution came into effect on January 26
• The National Emblem of India too was adopted on the same day
• The Indian Constitution is known as one of the world’s best constitutions, especially because it has only seen 94 amendments.

FATHER OF THE INDIA CONSITUTION AND DRAFTING COMMITTEE MEMBERS-:

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution. A Drafting Committee was set up by the Constituent Assembly to draft the Indian Constitution. This committee comprised of seven members. These were Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, N. Gopalaswami Ayengar, B.L. Mitter, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Mohammad Saadullah and DP Khaitan. They took various things into account to come up with a constitution that preached to treat everyone equally and set goals for a better nation.

The Constituent Assembly comprised of many prominent leaders who played a key role in the Indian struggle for independence. There were a total of 389 members in the Constituent Assembly. These were reduced to 299 after the partition of India. Rajendra Prasad, Jawaharlal Nehru, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Abul Kalam Azad, Nalini Ranjan Ghosh, B.R. Ambedkar, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee and C. Rajagopalachari were among few esteemed members of the Constituent Assembly. They played a major role in building our nation.

BABA SHAHEB DR. B.R AMBEDKAR’S CONTRIBUTION ON BUILDING THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA-:

*Baba Shaheb dr. b.r

Ambedkar was appointed as the chairman of the constitution drafting committee on August 29, 1947.

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He believed that the gap between different classes was important to equalize, otherwise it will be very difficult to maintain the unity of the country.

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He emphasized on religious, gender and caste equality

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Ambedkar introduced the reservation system to create a social balance amongst the classes.

FACTS OF FATHER OF INDIA CONSITUTION BABASHAEB DR. B .R AMBEDKAR-:

He Born on April 14, 1891 in Madhya Pradesh, Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is also known as Babasaheb Ambedkar.

He was a renowned social reformer, politician and jurist. Ambedkar is called the Father of Indian Constitution.

He was born in a family of Mahar caste of Hindu household, which is viewed as a caste of untouchables.

Due to caste discrimination, Ambedkar had to face a lot of discrimination in the society from time-to-time.

Ambedkar was the founder member of the Independent Labour Party. Later, the name was changed to Scheduled Castes Federation by Babasaheb and later evolved as the Republican Party of India.

Babasaheb was appointed as the Union Law Minister and Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee.

The Constitution Drafting Committee was given the responsibility of writing the constitution on India.

He achieved one of the major milestones in his fight against untouchability when he successfully converted to Buddhism on 14th October 1956 along with half a million other dalits at Deekshabhoomi in Nagpur Maharashtra.

He is credited of bringing many social and political reforms by organizing the untouchables throughout India. He fought against the discrimination as well as for the political and social rights of the untouchable community. He was also the Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee, when India gained Independence and is known as the ‘Father of The Constitution of India’.

The Government of India and its people observe 14th April every year as Ambedkar Jayanti to remember and commemorate the efforts of B.R. Ambedkar towards the abolishment of untouchability and framing of the Constitution; giving us more united and stronger India. Dr. Ambedkar and his efforts are remembered and applauded across the offices and schools in India and people/students are pledged to abolish untouchability. Dr. Ambedkar was posthumously conferred the highest civilian honor of India- Bharat Ratna in 1990.

The father of the Indian Constitution breathed his last on 6th December 1956 at his home in Delhi. Since he had converted to Buddhism, his death is observed as Mahaparinirvana (Nirvana after death according to Buddhist philosophy) on 6thDecember every year. On the day homage is paid to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, throughout the country especially at Chaitya Bhumi (Dadar) in Shivaji Park Mumbai, which is his cremation ground. Millions visit Chaitya Bhumi every year during early December to pay homage to Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar.

Baba shaheb dr.b.r Ambedkar considered three person as his gurus or masters. His first Guru was Tathāgata Gautama Buddha, the second was Saint Kabir and the third was MahatmaJyotirao Phule. Ambedkar considered these three to worship i.e. “Knowledge“, “Modesty” (“Self respect”) and “Morality“. Ambedkar believed that his life was complete by three masters (gurus) and by worshiping these three things.

WHY WE CELEBRATE 26 NOVEMBER INDIA CONSOTUTION DAY-:

Constitution Day or Samvidhan Divas in India is an officially celebrating event which is celebrated every year on 26th of November to honor and remember the father of Constitution, Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar. People in India remember their history and celebrate independence and peace every year after launching the own constitution of India.

Constitution Day is observed to spread the importance of the constitution of India and how it is helpful towards the growth and the development of the country. The day also helps us to remember the hardship and sincere efforts of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar which he took to frame the constitution of our nation.

India before was mostly governed by the regulation of the princely states and there was a need to have a document which lays the framework for the country’s political code, rules, procedures etc. There was also a necessity of a document which describes the fundamental rights and duties of the citizen residing in the country so that they could flourish and add up to the overall development of the country to reach new heights. The Constituent Assembly of India adopted the constitution on 26th November 1949 which became effective on 26thJanuary 1950.

Constitution Day helps to ignite the lamp of knowledge in the minds of our new generation so that they can understand the importance of Indian constitution, respect it and follow it religiously. It also makes us stay connected to it in the current era when people are forgetting the importance of democracy. This is a way by which we can pay tribute to the Father of Indian Constitution and spread his ideas and thoughts.

SUGGESTION TO CELEBRATE CONSTITUTION DAY IN EFFECTIVE WAY-:

Constitution Day should not be considered as the occasion which is to be celebrated only by the government or the political parties. We as a responsible citizen of India should also be enthusiastic to celebrate the day on our level so that we can also pay tribute to the people involved in framing our constitution. It is our duty as well a responsibility towards our nation to observe this day just as we celebrate our other national festivals. We can observe this day in various ways and some of those have been listed below:

• Organizing Awareness Campaign

We can organise various awareness campaigns and camps in our locality or in our societies to raise the level of knowledge about our constitution. Efforts should also be made to make people aware about their rights and duties towards the nation. We should also display the ‘Preamble’ of our constitution and share with everyone with pamphlets so that everyone becomes aware what exactly our constitution means.

• Conducting Dramas and Plays

Dramas and plays are the effective medium to showcase our thoughts and awareness to the common masses. The portrayal of freedom struggle and showing India before the constitution was adopted through short plays and dramas can make people aware about the importance of our constitution. It will not only make them experience the pain and struggle our great leaders took to make India independent but it will also make them respect the democracy they live in.

• Organizing Seminars and Lectures in School

Children are the foundation of a nation and it becomes important that they are aware about their roots and history. Organizing various seminars and lectures on our constitution in schools and colleges will help them know about the great leaders India had and how they helped in shaping the face of new India. It will introduce them to our great history as well as in the inception of nationalism in their mind.

• Social Media Campaign

Social media is one of the great medium to spread the awareness on a subject. Various awareness programmes can be organised across all social media platform about the Constitution Day and the importance of adopting a constitution for a nation. The youngsters of new generation have forgotten the rich history of our country and as they are more attached to the social media, this tool could be of great help to introduce them to the rich culture and history of our nation.

• Organizing a Flag March

We can also organize flag marches and distribute pamphlets to the people regarding our ‘Preamble’ and importance of our constitution. We should also include an event of paying tribute to Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and his team for their hard work and sincere dedication in framing the constitution of our country.

• Important Role of Print and Electronic Media

The print and electronic media could also play an important role in spreading the awareness about our constitution. Various infotainment programmes can be broadcasted on the occasion of Constitution Day which should showcase the challenges and difficulties our great leaders faced in drafting the constitution and how much time did it take for the completion of the constitution giving it a final form.

The credit of framing the constitution should also go to each and every member of the Constitution Drafting Committee. The celebration of Constitution Day will be in a real means only when we pay our sincere tribute to the great leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and his hard working team members who put their dedicated and sincere efforts in framing the constitution and helping India to reach new heights in all the fields.

CONCLUSION-:

A country’s constitution is its pillar of strength. It is the basis of a strong and peaceful society. National Constitution Day is a way to remind us of its importance and celebrate its existence.

“JAI HIND JAI BHARAT JAI BHEM”