| IPA |
Consonants
|
 |
 |
 |
Examples |
English approximation
|
| b
|
b
|
besta
|
best
|
| β
|
β
|
sábado[1]
|
between baby and bevy or best
|
| v
|
cavalo; livre (P); libre (G)[2]
|
vest or between baby and bevy
|
| ð
|
d
|
rapadura[1]
|
this or dice
|
| d
|
dedo
|
dice
|
| dʒ
|
digo[3]
|
dice or engine
|
| f
|
fase; café
|
face
|
| ɡ
|
ɡ
|
gato; guerra
|
get
|
| ɣ
|
magarefe; trigo[1]
|
between go and ahold or get
|
| k
|
cores; laca; quente; kelvin
|
scan
|
| l
|
l
|
lua; calor[4]
|
lot
|
| ɫ
|
w
|
mal; principal[5][4]
|
toll; tow or lot
|
| Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "ʎ̟" not found in list
|
velho (P); vello (G)[6]
|
roughly like million
|
| m
|
mesa; comer[4]
|
almighty
|
| n
|
nata; ano[4]
|
sonic
|
| ŋ
|
|
unha; inglesa; can; álbum (G)[4]
|
singer
|
| Error using {{IPAsym}}: IPA symbol "ɲ̟" not found in list
|
manhã (P); mañá (G)
|
roughly like canyon[7]
|
| p
|
peito; topo
|
spouse
|
| r
|
ʁ
|
ʁ
|
raro; carro; enrascado[8][9]
|
guttural r (P) or trilled r (G)
|
| ɾ
|
lar; morte; por favor[8][9][10]
|
ladder in American English
or guttural r
|
| ɾ
|
raro; caro; bravo; por acaso[9][10]
|
ladder in American English
|
| ʃ
|
ʒ
|
ʒ
|
já; gente (P); xa; xente (G)
|
rouge or shop
|
| z
|
z
|
rasgado; portas brancas[11]
|
rouge or zebra
|
| s
|
z
|
casa; existir; portas abertas
|
zebra or sack
|
| θ
|
zona; azul
|
zebra or thought
|
| ʃ
|
s
|
dez; foz
|
sheep; sketch or bath
|
| s
|
cimeira; braço (P); brazo (G)
|
sack or thought
|
| s
|
saco; máximo; isso (P); iso (G)
|
sack
|
| ʃ
|
escola; mastro; portas fechadas
|
sheep or sketch
|
| ʃ
|
ʃ
|
xarope; baixo
|
shop
|
| tʃ
|
chave; achar
|
shop or chop
|
| tʃ
|
tʃ
|
tchau
|
chop
|
| t
|
tipo; ponte[3]
|
stand or cheese
|
| t
|
tempo; átomo
|
stand
|
| IPA |
Marginal consonants
|
|
|
|
Examples |
English approximation
|
| ħ
|
|
ghato; trigho (G)[12]
|
roughly like hook
|
| x
|
|
kharxa[13]
|
loch
|
|
| IPA |
Vowels
|
|
|
|
Examples |
English approximation
|
| a
|
a
|
a
|
taça; lá; às; Camões; alface
|
father
|
| ɐ
|
baixada; cabide; as
|
about or father
|
| ɐ
|
taça; manhã
|
aura; finger (RP) or father
|
[cama; banho; câmera[14] and also
anglicisms as rush, bug] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)
|
purse (RP) or father
|
| ɛ
|
ɛ
|
meta, sé
|
set
|
| e
|
prémio/prêmio[14] incrível
|
set or play
|
| e
|
e
|
meto; sê; acepção[15]
|
play
|
| ɨ
|
semáforo[16]
|
emission or play
|
| i
|
pente; pequeno; se[16]
|
emission; see or play
|
| i
|
meandro; e
|
see or play
|
| i
|
cima[14] si; dia; país
|
see
|
| ɔ
|
ɔ
|
formosa; formosos; avó
|
ball (GA) ~ lot (RP)
|
| o
|
bónus/bônus[14] hospital
|
ball or sole (GA)
|
| o
|
o
|
formoso; avô; oliveira
|
sole (GA) ~ sword (RP)
|
| u
|
Portugal
|
loop or sole (GA)
|
| u
|
boneco; voo; vi-o; frio[17]
|
| u
|
lume[14] rua; saúde
|
loop
|
| IPA |
Nasal vowels
|
|
|
|
Examples |
English approximation
|
|
|
ɐ̃
|
canto; ângulo; âmbar; lã[18]
|
uhn-huh (nasal /ɐ/)
|
| ẽ
|
cento; sempre; essência[19]
|
nasal /e/
|
| ĩ
|
cinto; sim; ímpar
|
nasal /i/
|
| õ
|
conto; cônscio; bom; cômputo
|
nasal /o/
|
| ũ
|
fungo; algum; cúmplice
|
nasal /u/
|
|
|
| IPA |
Semivowels[20]
|
|
|
|
Examples |
English approximation
|
| j
|
pais; saia; cães; corações
|
you or boy
|
| w
|
quando; guarda; frequente; quão
|
wine or cow
|
|
|
| IPA |
Suprasegmentals
|
|
|
|
Examples |
Explanation
|
| ˈ
|
livre [ˈlivɾɨ] ~ [ˈlivɾi]
|
lexical stress
|
| ˌ
|
contramão [ˌkõtɾɐˈmɐ̃w]
|
secondary stress
|
| .
|
dia [ˈdi.ɐ] ~ [ˈdʒi.ɐ]
|
syllable break
|
|
- ↑ अ आ इ In northern and central Portugal, /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are lenited to fricatives of the same place of articulation ([β], [ð], and [ɣ], respectively) in all places except after a pause, or a nasal vowel, in which contexts they are stops [b, d, ɡ], not dissimilar from English b, d, g (Mateus & d'Andrade 2000:11).
- ↑ In Galician and some rural northern accents of European Portuguese, /v/ has merged with the [b ~ β] set.
- ↑ अ आ In most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, /d, t/ are affricated to [dʒ, tʃ] before high front vowels /i, ĩ/.
- ↑ अ आ इ ई उ In Galician, nasal and lateral consonants only contrast before vowels. Before consonants, they assimilate to the consonant's place of articulation. In word-final position, only /ŋ/ and /l/ occur.
- ↑ In European Portuguese, syllable-final /l/ is usually velarized [ɫ] much like with 'toll' for many English speakers. For most Brazilians, it has been vocalized to [w] before consonants and at the end of words. In traditional Galician, syllable-final /l/ was also velarized; but nowadays it has been widely replaced by a clear l [l] in most dialects.
- ↑ In some Galician dialects /ʎ/ has merged with /j/. Minor yeísmo-like merger is also present in some dialects of Brazilian Portuguese, specially the caipira one.
- ↑ In most Brazilian dialects, /ɲ/ is realized as a nasal palatal approximant [j̃]. See साँचा:Harvcoltxt and साँचा:Harvcoltxt.[तथ्य वांछित]
- ↑ अ आ The rhotic consonant represented as /ʁ/ has considerable variation across different variants, being pronounced as [x], [h], [χ], [ʁ], etc., in Brazil; as [ʁ], [ʀ], [r], etc., in Portugal; and as [r] in Galicia. See also Guttural R in Portuguese.
- ↑ अ आ इ The rhotic consonants /ɾ/ ‹r› and /ʁ/ ‹rr› only contrast between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution as ‹r›, with /ʁ/ occurring word-initially, after ‹l›, ‹n›, and ‹s› and in compounds; /ɾ/ is found elsewhere.
- ↑ अ आ The realization of syllable-final ‹r› varies amongst dialects; it is generally pronounced as an alveolar tap [ɾ] in European Portuguese, Galician and some Brazilian dialects (e.g. Rio Grande do Sul state and São Paulo city), as either an alveolar approximant [ɹ] or retroflex approximant [ɻ] in various other Brazilian dialects (primarily known for its use in caipira dialect, but also paranaense among sulista dialects, mineiro, sertanejo, and to a minor degree, some spekers of paulistano, capixaba and even fluminense) and as a guttural R in all others (e.g. Rio de Janeiro city, the overwhelmingly majority from the Northeast). Additionally, in some Brazilian Portuguese dialects, word-final ‹r› may be weakened to complete elision in infinitives; e.g. ficar [fiˈka] (note word final ‹r› is pronounced —though as a tap [ɾ]— only if it is followed by a vowel sound in the same phrase or prosodic unit: ficar ao léu [fiˈkaɾ aw ˈlɛw]).
- ↑ Allophone of /s/ in Galician.
- ↑ In some Galician dialects /ɡ/ is pharyngealized [ħ] or glottalized [h] in a phonological process known as gheada.
- ↑ In Galician, /x/ may be used in loanwords, foreign names and hispanicized names; like kharxa, Araújo (instead of Araúxo, pron. with [ʃ]) and Fagilde or Fajilde (instead of Faxilde, pron. with [ʃ]).
- ↑ अ आ इ ई उ The 5 higher vowels /ɐ, e, i, o, u/, when stressed and followed by a nasal consonant, may assimilate the nasality.
- ↑ In the dialect of Lisbon, /e/ merges with /ɐ/ when it comes before palatal sounds (e.g. abelha, venho, jeito).
- ↑ अ आ In European Portuguese the IPA symbol /ɨ/ denotes a near-close near-back unrounded vowel: [ɯ̟] or [ʊ̜], rather than a close central unrounded vowel.
- ↑ Some of the post-stressed high vowels in hiatuses, as in frio ('cold') and rio ('river'), may vary between a reduced vowel [ˈfɾi.u] and a glide [ˈfɾiw], exceptions are verbal conjugations, forming pairs like eu rio [ˈew ˈʁi.u] (I laugh) and ele riu [ˈelɨ ˈʁiw] (he laughed).
- ↑ In Portuguese, word final /ɐ̃/ may diphthongize to [ɐ̃w] (note this realization occurs exclusively in verbal forms spelled with final -am: namoram, falam, ruiram).
- ↑ In Portuguese, word final /ẽ/ diphthongizes to [ẽj] (e.g. sem, também, nuvens). In many European Portuguese dialects (especially central and southern varieties) it has become [ɐ̃j]: sem [ˈsɐ̃j]
- ↑ The semivowels /w/ and /j/ can be combined with most vowels to form diphthongs and triphthongs. This includes nasal diphthongs such as [ɐ̃j] and [ɐ̃w], and nasal triphthongs such as [wɐ̃w] and [wõj].
साँचा:IPA keys horizontal
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