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[[चित्र:Castrop-Rauxel Ruetgers Chemicals GmbH 02.jpg|right|thumb|300px|रासायन उत्पादक कारखाना]]
'''रासायनिक उद्योग''' (chemical industry) में वे सब [[उद्योग]] आते हैं जो औद्योगिक रसायनों का उत्पादन करते हैं। रासायनिक उद्योग संसार की वर्तमान अर्थव्यवस्था की रीढ़ है। ये उद्योग कच्चे माल (जैसे तेल, प्राकृतिक गैस, वायु, जल, धातुएं, खनिज आदि) को ७०,००० से भी अधिक विभिन्न उत्पादों में परिवर्तित करते हैं।
==इतिहास==
== उत्पाद ==
सम्पूर्ण रासायनिक उद्योगों के लगभग ८०% प्रतिशत [[बहुलक]] एवं [[प्लास्टिक]] (Polymers and plastics) उत्पाद होते हैं।
Objectives
On completion of this module, students will have a detailed understanding of the kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanistic aspects of diazotisation and azo coupling. Students will be aware of the applications of azo colorants.
Students will gain an understanding of the fundamental physical processes of fluorescence and be aware of the essential structural features required for a molecule to fluoresce.
Students will be familiar with the chemistry and applications of various classes of dyes and organic pigments including polycyclic quinonoids, quinacridones and phthalocyanines, delocalised cationic dyes and colorants containing cross-conjugated chromophores.
Students will have an appreciation of the structure, synthesis and applicationa of speciality and high-technology dyes including oxidative hair dyes, themo and halochromic dyes and near-infrared dyes.
Students will have an appreciation of the wide range of inorganic pigments, some of the more important production processes and typical applications taking into account the properties of the pigments.
Syllabus
Diazonium ions: structure stability, reactivity and applications.
Azo coupling: detailed study of N-Coupling and C-coupling including the mechanism, and factors influencing the coupling reaction. Disazo dye synthesis from H-acid, J-acid and g-acid.
Azo dyes: disperse, basic (cationic), metal complex. Synthesis of intermediates and dyes; colour and constitution relationships, chemical and application properties.
Fluorescent dyes: definition of fluorescence and structural requirements for fluorescence. Applications and chemical classes (stilbenes, coumarins and rhodamines).
Speciality and high-technology dyes: oxidative hair dyes, themochromic and halochromic dyes and near-infrared dyes - representative examples, synthesis, mechanism of operation and applications.
Organic pigments: synthesis, colour properties and applications of yellow and red azo pigments, diketopyrrolopyrroles; quinacridones and phthalocyanines.
Cross conjugated chromophores: Indigo, thioindigo and benzodifuranone colorants: structure, natural occurrence, synthesis, properties and applications.
Polycyclic quinone dyes: Substituted polycyclic quinones and the chemistry of the vat dyeing process. Naphthacene quinones nomenclature and structure, synthesis including mechanistic aspects. Photochromic process (arylotropy between para and ana forms). Influence of substituents on the photochromic process.
Delocalised cationic dyes: Cyanine and di- and tri- phenylmethane dyes - structure, synthesis, colour properties and applications.
Inorganic Pigments: Classification of inorganic pigments; the production, properties and applications of important inorganic pigments - especially white (principally titanium dioxide), black (principally carbon black) and coloured (eg. oxides, sulphides and silicates of metals). Overview of Speciality inorganic pigments.
== इक्कीसवीं शताब्दी की प्रमुख रासायनिक कम्पनियाँ ==
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