मराठा
मराठा एशिया के भारत के महाराष्ट्र की जाति है मराठा जाति 96 कुल है जो मूल रूप से दक्खन पर शासन करने वाले है।[2][3] उनमें से कई लोगों ने 16वीं शताब्दी में दक्कन सल्तनत या मुगल के लिए सैन्य सेवा की। बाद में 17वीं और 18वीं शताब्दी में, उन्होंने मराठा साम्राज्य, छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराज, एक मराठा द्वारा स्थापित सेनाओं में कार्य किया।।[4][5][6][7][8]
मराठा | |
---|---|
धर्म | सनातन धर्म, हिन्दू धर्म |
भाषा | [1] |
देश | भारत |
वासित राज्य | अधिकांश: महाराष्ट्र |
क्षेत्र | पश्चिमी भारत |
मराठों को - कुलों में विभाजित किया गया है, 96 कुली मराठा या शाहनानू कुले के रूप में जाना जाता है।[9][10]
व्युत्पत्ति
संपादित करेंभाषाई विद्वानों के बीच सबसे व्यापक रूप से स्वीकृत सिद्धांत यह है कि मराठा और महाराष्ट्र शब्द अंततः महा (मराठी: महा) और राष्ट्रिका (मराठी: राष्ट्रिका) के संयोजन से बने हैं, जो दक्कन क्षेत्र में शासन करने वाले प्रमुखों की एक जनजाति या राजवंश का नाम है।
उत्पति और इतिहास
संपादित करेंप्रमुख मराठा संस्थान
संपादित करें1. सातारा रियासत 2. कोल्हापुर रियासत 3.इन्दौर 4.बड़ोदा राज्य 5.ग्वालियर रियासत 6. नागपुर राज्य 7. तंजावर 8. अक्कलकोट 9. सावंतवाड़ी 10. देवास सीनियर 11. देवास 12. धार 13. तंजोर
अन्य छोटी-छोटी राजशाही जागीरे 1. सोणडूर 2. मालेगांव 3. जत 4. रतनपुर 5. खामगांव 6. अलीबाग 7. कल्याण इत्यादि दर्जनों रियासते रही |
मराठा भारत के सबसे ताकतवर
संपादित करें- ↑ The Tribes and Castes of Bombay, vol.2, by R. E. Enthoven.
- ↑ Constable, Philip (2001). "The Marginalization of a Dalit Martial Race in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Western India". The Journal of Asian Studies. 60 (2): 439–478. डीओआई:10.2307/2659700. जेस्टोर 2659700. पीएमआईडी 18268829. अभिगमन तिथि: 2020-11-28.
While the bulk of Shivaji's men were naturally Marathas, they included not only the allied castes of Dhangars and Gowalas, shepherds and herdsmen, but many who had no claim to kinship. For example Shivaji's famous infantry was composed largely of Bhandaris and Kolis. The Ramoshis... who afterwards formed the infantry of Haidar and Tipu in Mysore, were relied an for the capture of the hill forts, while the outcaste Mahars and Mangs served in his artillery, and in the garrisons of these forts - Patrick Cadell
- ↑ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003). India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-85065-670-8.
- ↑ Stewart Gordon (16 September 1993). The Marathas 1600-1818. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–. ISBN 978-0-521-26883-7.
Looking backward from ample material on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, we know that Maratha as a category of caste represents the amalgamation of families from several castes - Kunbi, Lohar, Sutar, Bhandari, Thakar, and even Dhangars (shepherds) – which existed in the seventeenth century and, indeed, exist as castes in Maharashtra today. What differentiated, for example, "Maratha" from "Kunbi"? It was precisely the martial tradition, of which they were proud, and the rights (watans and inams) they gained from military service. It was these rights which differentiated them from the ordinary cultivator, ironworkers and tailors, especially at the local level
- ↑ Abraham Eraly (2000). Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals. Penguin Books India. p. 435. ISBN 978-0-14-100143-2.
The early history of the marathas is obscure, but they were predominantly of the sudra(peasant) class, though later, after they gained a political role in the Deccan, they claimed to be Kshatriyas(warriors) and dressed themselves up with pedigrees of appopriate grandeur, with the Bhosles specifically claiming descent from the Sidodia's of Mewar. The fact however is that the marathas were not even a distinct caste, but essentially a status group, made up of individual families from different Maharashtrian castes..
- ↑ "The name of the ‘caste-cluster of agriculturalists-turned-warriors’ inhabiting the north-west Dakhan, Mahārās̲h̲tra ‘the great country’, a term which is extended to all Marāt́hī speakers": साँचा:EI2
- ↑ Thomas Blom Hansen (5 June 2018). Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay. Princeton University Press. pp. 31–. ISBN 978-0-691-18862-1.
Historically the term Maratha emerged in the seventeenth century from being an imprecise designation for speakers of Marathi to become a title of Martial honor and entitlements earned by Deccan peasants serving as cavalrymen in the armies of Muslim rulers and later in Shivaji's armies.
- ↑ Jeremy Black (1 March 2005). Why Wars Happen. Reaktion Books. pp. 115–. ISBN 978-1-86189-415-1.
In seventeenth and eighteenth century India, military service was the most viable form of entrepreneurship for the peasants, shepherds, ironworkers and others who coalesced into the Maratha caste
- ↑ Kathleen Kuiper, ed. (2010). The Culture of India. Rosen. p. 34. ISBN 978-1615301492.
- ↑ Louis Dumont (1980). Homo hierarchicus: the caste system and its implications. University of Chicago Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0226169637. अभिगमन तिथि: 13 May 2011.