The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Tibetan pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
IPA |
Tibetan |
English approximation
|
---|
Consonants
|
---|
b
|
བ
|
bog [p] on a low tone
| c
|
|
church
| cʰ
|
|
church
| ɕ
|
ཞ ཤ
|
sheep
| d
|
ད
|
dog ([t] on a low tone)
| dz
|
ཛ
|
adz ([ts] on a low tone)
| dʑ
|
ཇ |
jeep ([tɕ] on a low tone)
| ɡ
|
ག
|
gone ([k] on a low tone)
| h
|
ཧ |
head
| j
|
ཡ |
yes
| ɟ
|
|
judge, (UK) dew ([c] on a low tone)
| k
|
ཀ |
scat
| kʰ
|
ཁ ག |
cat
| l
|
ལ |
leap
| l̥
|
|
(voiceless l, like hl)
| m
|
མ |
moon
| n
|
ན |
noon
| ɲ
|
ཉ |
canyon
| ŋ
|
ང |
song
| p
|
པ |
spin
| pʰ
|
ཕ བ |
pin
| ɹ
|
ར |
the r in drink
| s
|
ཟ ས |
song
| ʂ
|
|
like first part of shrew [ʂɹu]
| t
|
ཏ |
stop
| tʰ
|
ཐ ད |
top
| ʈ ~ ʈʂ
|
|
stream
| ʈʰ ~ ʈʂʰ
|
|
trunk
| tɕ
|
ཅ |
beach
| tɕʰ
|
ཆ ཇ |
cheer
| ts
|
ཙ |
cats
| tsʰ
|
ཚ ཛ |
tsunami
| w
|
ཝ |
water
| z
|
ཟ |
zoo ([s] on a low tone)
| ʑ
|
ཞ |
genre ([ɕ] on a low tone)
| ʔ
|
ཨ |
oh-oh!
| ʕ
|
འ |
like ɦ but more pharyngeal
|
|
IPA
|
Tibetan |
English approximation
|
---|
Vowels
|
---|
a
|
|
between fat and father
| e
|
|
Spanish e (in Sp. open syllables)
| ɛ
|
|
bed
| i
|
|
see
| ɪ
|
|
sit but more centralised
| o
|
|
Spanish o (in Sp. open syllables)
| ø
|
|
French eu, German ö
| ɔ
|
|
dawn (mid-west US accent)
| u
|
|
moon
| ʊ
|
|
good but more centralised
| ʌ
|
|
cup
| y
|
|
French u, German ü
| ̃
|
|
nasal vowel
|
Tones
|
---|
IPA |
Description
|
---|
sí
|
high level: si˥
| sî
|
high falling: si˥˧
| sǐ
|
low rising: si˩˧
| sì
|
low level: si˩
|
|