नीचे दी गयी तालिका में विकिपीडिया के लेखों में हिन्दी और उर्दू के उच्चारण का प्रतिनिधित्व करने वाली अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला (आईपीए) को दर्शाया गया है।
हिन्दुस्तानी में स्वरों की ध्वनि की और गहन विवेचना के लिए हिन्दी-उर्दू स्वर विज्ञान देखें।
| व्यंजन
|
| आईपीए |
हिन्दी |
हिन्दी उदाहरण |
उर्दु |
अंगेजी समकक्ष
|
| b
|
ब |
बल |
ب |
abash
|
| bʱ
|
भ |
भक्त |
بھ |
abhor
|
| d̪ [1]
|
द |
दम |
د |
other (closer to French d)
|
| d̪ʱ [1]
|
ध |
धनुष |
دھ |
adhere (dental)
|
| ɖ [1]
|
ड |
डमरू |
ڈ |
guard
|
| ɖʱ [1]
|
ढ |
ढक्कन |
ڈھ |
adhere
|
| dʒ
|
ज |
जल |
ج |
hedge
|
| dʒʱ
|
झ |
झरना |
جھ |
hedgehog
|
| f
|
फ़ |
फ़ैसला |
ف |
food
|
| ɡ
|
ग |
गमला |
گ |
agate
|
| ɡʱ
|
घ |
घर |
گھ |
pigheaded
|
| h
|
ः |
|
ح |
head (final only)
|
| ɦ
|
ह |
हल |
ahead
|
| j
|
य |
यम |
ي |
yak
|
| k
|
क |
कल |
ک |
skip
|
| kʰ
|
ख |
खग |
کھ |
Khanate
|
| l
|
ल |
लट |
ل |
leaf
|
| m
|
म |
मन |
م |
much
|
| n
|
न |
नल |
ن |
not
|
| ɳ
|
ण |
चरण |
ڻ |
under
(Sanskrit; often [n])
|
| ŋ
|
ं |
अंगूर |
- |
bank
|
| p
|
प |
पल |
پ |
span
|
| pʰ
|
फ |
फल |
پھ |
pan
(often allophonic with [f] in Hindi)
|
| q
|
क़ |
क़दम |
ق |
a k in the throat
(Urdu; often [k] in Hindi)
|
| r
|
र |
रज |
ر |
trilled r as in borrow
|
| ɽ
|
ड़ |
रबड़ |
ڑ |
US: larder
|
| ɽʱ
|
ढ़ |
पढ़ |
ڑھ |
as [ɽ] plus h
|
| s
|
स |
सम |
س |
sue
|
| ʂ
|
ष |
षट |
– |
worship
(Sanskrit; often [ʃ])
|
| ʃ
|
श |
शक |
ش |
shoe
|
| t̪ [1]
|
त |
तल |
ت |
birth and three (closer to French t)
|
| t̪ʰ [1]
|
थ |
थल |
تھ |
think
|
| ʈ [1]
|
ट |
टखना |
ٹ |
art
|
| ʈʰ [1]
|
ठ |
ठसाठस |
ٹھ |
anthill
|
| tʃ
|
च |
चेचक |
چ |
catch
|
| tʃʰ
|
छ |
छल |
چھ |
beachhead
|
| ʋ[2]
|
व |
वक्त |
و |
varies between w and v
|
| x
|
ख़ |
ख़ान |
خ |
Bach
(Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi)
|
| ɣ
|
ग़ |
ग़म |
غ |
like a French r
(Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi)
|
| z
|
ज़ |
ज़मीन |
ز |
zen
|
| ʒ
|
श़/झ़ |
अझ़दहा |
ژ |
pleasure
|
|
| स्वर
|
| आईपीए |
हिन्दी |
उर्दु |
अंगेजी समकक्ष
|
| aː
|
आ, पा |
آ, ـا |
Spanish or French a to English bra
|
| eː
|
ए, पे |
ے |
between yell and Yale
|
| ɛː
|
ऐ, पै |
yell
|
| ə
|
अ, प |
ـَ |
nut
|
| iː [3]
|
ई, पी |
ی |
feet
|
| ɪ [3]
|
इ, पि |
ـِ |
dill
|
| oː
|
ओ, पो |
و |
old
|
| ɔː
|
औ, पौ |
law
|
| uː [3]
|
ऊ, पू |
loot
|
| ʊ [3]
|
उ, पु |
ـُ |
look
|
| ̃
|
ँ |
ں |
nasal vowel
([ãː], [õː], etc.)
|
| Suprasegmentals
|
| IPA |
|
| ˈ
|
stress
(placed before stressed syllable)
|
| ː
|
doubled consonant
|
|
- ↑ अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ To an English ear, [t̪ t̪ʰ ʈ ʈʰ] all sound like /t/, and [d̪ d̪ʱ ɖ ɖʱ] all sound like /d/. However, to a Hindi-Urdu speaker's ear these are very different sounds. [t̪ d̪] are like Spanish or French [t d], with the tongue touching the teeth, and [t̪ʰ d̪] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English /θ ð/ (the th sounds). Hindi-Urdu [ʈ ɖ] are pronounced with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth, and [ʈʰ ɖ] are how a Hindi-Urdu speaker hears English t d; [ʈ] is how they hear English t after s.
- ↑ [v], [w] and intermediate [ʋ] are allophonic in Hindi-Urdu. Some words, such as vrat ('व्रत', fast), are pronounced with [v] and others, such as pakwan ('पकवान', food dish), are pronounced with [w].
- ↑ अ आ इ ई /iː, ɪ/ and /uː, ʊ/ are neutralized to [i, u] at the end of a word.
